Mapping the structural, electrical, and optical properties of hydrothermally grown phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods for optoelectronic device applications

Schematic representation of the Al-doped ZnO seed layer (a), growth process of ZnO nanorods (b), and grown ZnO nanorods (c). The XRD patterns (d) of the ZnO nanorods corresponding to varying NH4H2(PO4)2 M ratio. The integrated intensity of (002) peak as functions of NH4H2(PO4)2 M ratio (e