Functionalized microneedles for continuous glucose monitoring

In particular, the glucose measurement is the focus of research on the bio-sensing in accordance with societal demands, as Type 1 and 2 diabetes are, nowadays, one of the most serious diseases due to its long-term effects on the health of patients, the large number of patients involved, and the huge amount of social and economical expenses. Currently, the blood glucose level is monitored by self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) devices in which the patients are required to prick their fingers to extract a drop of blood 2–5 times a day for colorimetric or enzymatic electrochemical measurements, which results in a physical and mental strain on the patients [17]