Raman spectroscopy-based identification of toxoid vaccine products

Principle of vaccine Raman spectral data management. Left: Arrangement and output of Raman measurements of an air-dried vaccine droplet is visualized. The microscopic image in the 3D data cube shows the air-dried vaccine sample dTaP-IPV1. The overlaid grid visualizes the arranged sample raster of the Raman spectroscopic mapping approach. The hyperspectral data cube is reoriented into a 2D data matrix. To obtain the Raman spectral signature of a distinct vaccine product, the data matrices of the respective replicates were averaged. Right: The processing for the statistical modelling is sketched. The 2D data table of each replicate was reduced from the 100 original spectra to 10 representative spectra. Ten randomly chosen raster points were successive picked without replacement and averaged. The matrices of all vaccine replicates were applied for statistical modelling and cross-validation. The prediction result for one replicate was assembled by the prediction result of its ten spectra. If the prediction result was not uniform for all spectra of one replicate, the prediction output was based on majority rule voting to identify the vaccine product specificatio