Regulatory Effect of General Anesthetics on Activity of Potassium Channels

Phylogenetic trees of the Kv channel family and critical structure of Kv1.2 channel for sevoflurane binding. A Amino acid sequences of Kv1–9 channels were aligned by MEGA software with the Clustal W method and analyzed by the neighbor joining test. B, C Kv7 subfamily and Kv 10–12 subfamilies are shown separately because of the low amino acid sequence similarity with other Kv channels. Names of channel subtypes are labeled in color based on their different responses to volatile anesthetics in experiments performed in vitro with patch clamp. The channels that can be activated by volatile anesthetics are shown in red; channels inhibited by volatile anesthetics are shown in yellow; and channels insensitive to volatile anesthetics are shown in green. Channels with unknown responses to volatile anesthetics are in black color. The protein IDs of Kv channels used in this sequence alignment are as follows: Kv1.1 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_000208","term_id":"119395748","term_text":"NP_000208"}}NP_000208), Kv1.2 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004965","term_id":"4826782","term_text":"NP_004965"}}NP_004965), Kv1.3 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_002223","term_id":"88758565","term_text":"NP_002223"}}NP_002223), Kv1.4 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_002224","term_id":"4504817","term_text":"NP_002224"}}NP_002224), Kv1.5 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_002225","term_id":"25952087","term_text":"NP_002225"}}NP_002225), Kv1.6 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_002226","term_id":"4504821","term_text":"NP_002226"}}NP_002226), Kv1.7 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_114092","term_id":"25952092","term_text":"NP_114092"}}NP_114092), Kv1.8 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_005540","term_id":"5031819","term_text":"NP_005540"}}NP_005540); Kv2.1 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004966","term_id":"4826784","term_text":"NP_004966"}}NP_004966), Kv2.2 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004761","term_id":"27436974","term_text":"NP_004761"}}NP_004761), Kv3.1 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004967","term_id":"4826786","term_text":"NP_004967"}}NP_004967), Kv3.2 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_631875","term_id":"21217563","term_text":"NP_631875"}}NP_631875), Kv3.3 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004968","term_id":"24497460","term_text":"NP_004968"}}NP_004968), Kv3.4 ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_004969","term_id":"24497462","term_text":"NP_004969"}}NP_004969), Kv4.1