Recombinant measles vaccine expressing malaria antigens induces long-term memory and protection in mice

rMV-CSPb and rMV CSPf design, rescue and characterization. a Schematic representation of measles vector expressing CS protein from Plasmodium berghei ANKA (CSPb) and Plasmodium falciparum (CSPf). The synthetic sequences were mammalian codon-optimized and cloned into the additional transcription unit (ATU) position 2 of pTM-Schwarz. The MV genes are indicated as follows: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), V and C accessory proteins, matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H) and polymerase (L). T7 RNA polymerase promoter (T7), T7 RNA polymerase terminator (T7t), hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (？), hammerhead ribozyme (hh) are requested for viral rescue. b Growth curves of MV-Schwarz, rMV-CSPb, and rMV-CSPf in Vero cells infected at an MOI of 0.1. Cell-associated virus titers are indicated in TCID50/ml. c Detection by western-blot of CSPb and CSPf in cell lysates (L) or supernatant (SN) of Vero cells infected by rMV-CSPb and rMV CSPf. Blots derived from the same experiment and were processed in parallel. d Immunofluorescence detection of CSPb and CSPf in Vero cells infected for 24？h with rMV-CSPb and rMV-CSPf at an MOI of 0.1. Infected cells formed syncytia which are localized CS protein