Dual CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Blockade Inhibits Tumor Growth and Liver Metastasis in a Highly Aggressive Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colon Cancer

DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.006

Keywords: ARG1, arginase-1, COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2, CRC, colorectal cancer, CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, DCE-MRI, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, FAP, fibroblast-activated protein, FOXP3, forkhead box protein P3, iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IFN-γ, interferon- γ, MRC1, macrophage mannose receptor 1, PD-1, programmed death 1, PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1, PDGF-B, platelet-derived growth factor B, PDGFR-β, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, p.i., post-injection, s.c., subcutaneous, TARC, thymus and activation regulated chemokine, TEM, Tie2+ macrophages, TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β, TIE2, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2, Treg cells, regulatory T cells, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

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