Single-bubble water boiling on small heater under Earth’s and low gravity

Cell: a Front and side views: 1, cuvette with liquid; 2, cover; 3, camera, signal recorded by a laptop over the entire experiment; 4, connection to amplifier for generating high voltage pulses of alternating polarity; 5, grounded electrode; 6, temperature resistance sensor (heater); 7, PDMS slab; 8, energized electrode coated with Teflon at 2？mm from the heater, 9, temperature probe in ground experiments; 10, connection to heating circuit. Electrical circuits: b flight: 1, heating DC power source; c Earth: 1a, heating DC power source; 1b, 3？V DC power source; S, switch; (both b, c) 2, heater; 3, resistor; 4, connection to acquisition system; d photo of platinum sensor P0K1.232.4？W.B.010 in PDMS slab whose silver wires (diameter 0.25？mm, length 10.0？mm) were soldered to power lead copper wires (Gauge 36 copper wire, length ~4？mm); sensor sketch reproduced with permission from Innovative Sensor Technology, Las Vegas, N