Early life stress leads to sex differences in development of depressive-like outcomes in a mouse model

ELS results in fragmented maternal care and altered somatic development in both male and female mice. a–c Timelines for groups of mice undergoing testing at early adolescence (a), young adulthood (b), or in adulthood (c). d A schematic illustration of control and ELS cages as well as activity traces of a control dam (yellow) and ELS dam (pink) over a 24-h period with her pups, traced in EthoVision. e Plots of the mean weight for control (closed) and stressed (open) male (blue) and female (red) mice across development. For weight plot, data represent means？±？1 SEM. Main effects depicted as #; #p？<？0.00