Role of fluid cohesiveness in safe swallowing

a Extensional deformation of 0.5% locust bean gum solution. b Extensional deformation of 0.5% guar gum solution. c Extensional deformation of 0.5% xanthan solution. All the measurements were performed at 25？°C. Solutions are extended from the initial length L0 (=3？mm) with the initial diameter D0 (=6？mm) to the final length Lf (=11？mm) at 0.16 mm/ms. Each set of images presents the filament at rest (？50？ms), at the initial moment of the extensional experiment (0？ms), and at 6 time frames preceding the filament rupture time, tb (breakup time). d Extensional deformation of water (Turcanu64 and unpublished