Express assessment of neurotoxicity of particles of planetary and interstellar dust

Correspondence of an increase in the ambient level of L-[14C]glutamate (a, b) reflecting the neurotoxic potential of nanoparticles and a decrease in the membrane potential registered using fluorescent dye rhodamine 6？G (a, c) in the preparations of nerve terminals without (b, c, columns # 1) and in the presence of micro- and nano-sized particles: simulated Martian soil, 2.0？mg/ml (b, c, columns # 2);22 Lunar soil simulant, 2.0？mg/ml (b, c, columns # 3);22 nanocrystals NaYF4:Eu3+-PEG, 7.5？mg/ml (b); 3.5？mg/ml (c) (columns # 4);27 nanocrystals NaYF4:Eu-3+OH, 3.5？mg/ml (b); 1.5？mg/ml (c) (columns # 5);27 maghemite nanoparticles, 0.75？mg/ml (b, c, columns # 6);28 nanodiamonds, 1.0？mg/ml (b, c, columns # 7);25 carbon nanodots synthesized from thiourea, 1.0？mg/ml (b); 0.5？mg/ml (c) (columns # 8).24 Data are mean？±？SEM of six independent experiments. *p？<？0.05, as compared to the control; Student t-tes