Value Assessment Frameworks in the United States: A Call for Patient Engagement

Historical background of value assessment frameworks in the US. Adapted from Ali et al. [4]. OTA Office of Technology Assessment (1972) (role: assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of healthcare services), NCHT National Center for Healthcare Technologies (1975) (role: endorse research on healthcare technologies), AHCPR/AHRQ Agency for Health Care Policy and Research/Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (1989) (role: development of evidence and clinical practice guideline), MMA Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) (role: list of required research to demonstrate the outcomes, comparative clinical effectiveness, and appropriateness of healthcare items and services), PCORI Patient-Centered Outcome Research Institute (2010) (role: fund comparative effectiveness research), VAFs value assessment frameworks (2014–present