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- 2017
Thermodynamic considerations in renal separation processesDOI: 10.1186/s12976-017-0048-7 Keywords: Human kidney, Urine production, Separation work, Gibbs energy, Energy balance, Sensitivity analysis Abstract: Urine production in the kidney is generally thought to be an energy-intensive process requiring large amounts of metabolic activity to power active transport mechanisms. This study uses a thermodynamic analysis to evaluate the minimum work requirements for urine production in the human kidney and provide a new perspective on the energy costs of urine production. In this study, black-box models are used to compare the Gibbs energy inflow and outflow of the overall kidney and physiologically-based subsections in the kidney, to calculate the work of separation for urine production
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