Complement Markers in Blood and Urine: No Diagnostic Value in Late Silent Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major cause of kidney allograft failure. Its molecular mechanisms are multifaceted and may include a role of complement activation via the classical pathway. Here, we investigated whether noninvasive complement monitoring adds predictive power to the diagnosis of AMR in the setting of donor-specific antibody (DSA) positivity