Interferons, B Cells and Neutrophils: Innate and Adaptive Allies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is clinically and immunologically heterogeneous with variable organ involvement, severity and therapeutic responses. B cells are known as mediators of disease manifestations. Therefore, disease control is targeted by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of B cells via conventional cytotoxic drugs or newly developing biologics. However, the outcome of therapy is sometimes heterogeneous which further attracts to understand other immune mechanisms influencing B cell functions such as interferons (IFNs) cytokines and the innate cells, neutrophils. Successful management of SLE requires an understanding of how these factors interact, taking into consideration the patients’ variations in these factors which might confer heterogeneity in disease outcome. In this review, it will be focused on the existing data in literature on the mutual influence between interferons, B cells and neutrophils in disease pathogenesis and the clinical impact in disease assessment and their potential blocking. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; B Cells; Neutrophils; Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators; Autoantigens and Autoantibodie