NP and NS1 proteins of H5N1 virus significantly upregulated IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 in A549 cells

Background: Avian influence virus H5N1 causes serious public health concern with significant morbidity and mortality from poultry to humans. Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins usually protect cells from many virus infections by viral entry and replication. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether H5N1 viral proteins involved in regulation IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 following H5N1 infection. Methods: NS1, M1, NP, PB2, HA and NA genes of H5N1 virus were generated by PCR and cloned into pcDNA3.1/myc-His (+) A vector for genes over-expression experiments. Gene expression levels was performed using Real-time PCR. Results: Research displayed that NS1, M1, NP, and PB2 proteins of H5N1 virus increased IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 expression in A549 cells, only IFITM1 was upregulated by M1 in HEK293T cells. However, our study did not find that HA and NA of H5N1 virus affected IFITM genes family or interferon genes expression. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggested that IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 might be directly upregulated via NS1, M1, NP, and PB2 proteins during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. This study provided new insights into the influence of NS1 and NP proteins on regulation of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 expression following H5N1 infection. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.13 Cite as: Wang H, Chen L, Luo J, H H. NP and NS1 proteins of H5N1 virus significantly upregulated IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 in A549 cells. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1402-1410. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.1