本文通过将Cu2+掺入g-C3N4结构中成功制备了Cu/g-C3N4光催化剂，并进一步优化其光催化性能。同时，采用多种表征方法对Cu/g-C3N4光催化剂的结构、形貌、光学和光电性能进行了分析。X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明制备的光催化剂为Cu/g-C3N4，且Cu的价态为+2。在可见光照射下，研究了不同铜含量的Cu/g-C3N4和g-C3N4光催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明，Cu/g-C3N4光催化剂的降解能力显著高于纯相的g-C3N4。N2吸附-解吸等温线表明，Cu2+的引入对g-C3N4的微观结构影响不大，说明光催化活性的提高可能与光生载流子的有效分离有关。因此，Cu/g-C3N4光催化降解RhB和CIP性能的提升可能是由于Cu2+可以作为电子捕获陷阱从而降低了载流子的复合速率。通过光电测试表明，在g-C3N4中掺入Cu2+可以降低g-C3N4的电子空穴复合速率，加速电子空穴对的分离，从而提高了其光催化活性。自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振(ESR)结果表明，超氧自由基(O2？？)、羟基自由基(？OH)和空穴的协同作用提高了Cu/g-C3N4光催化剂的光催化活性。
Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu2+ into g-C3N4 to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C3N4 and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu2+. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C3N4 and pure g-C3N4 photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C3N4. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C3N4 and Cu/g-C3N4 demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C3N4. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated