冲突到共识：1912－1913年报界维权抗争探析
From Confrontation to Consensus: Analysis on the Protests for Press Right in 1912-1913

摘要 在1912－1913年报界针对政府及租界工部局的抗争中，维护言论自由权利的意识占 据主要位置，成为抗争的核心。尽管政府相对于报界而言是强势的一方，但由于报界抗 争方式灵活且多样化，抗争进程发展呈现出从冲突对峙到妥协共识的态势。在报界利益 抗争的进程中，言论自由神圣不可侵犯的抗争意义建构、当政者的民主修养、报人的政 治效能感提升等因素直接影响了抗争的成效。民初前两年的报界利益抗争是工具性或非 对抗性冲突，并不冲击社会结构，反而起到了调和利益、整合社会的成效。
In the press’ protests against the government and municipal councils in foreign settlements from 1912 to 1913, the consciousness of safeguarding the right to freedom of speech occupied the dominant position and became the core of the protests. The government was a stronger force compared to the press, but the development of the protest process displayed a trend from confrontation to compromise and consensus due to the flexible and diversified protests by the press. In the press’ struggle for interests, its effectiveness was directly affected by factors such as the meaning construction of the sacredness and inviolability of freedom of speech, the democratic accomplishment of contemporary politicians, and the enhancement of the political effcacy of the newspapermen. In the frst two years of the Republic of China, the press’ struggle for interests was an instrumental or non-confrontational con?ict. It did not impact the social structure, but played a role in reconciling interests and integrating society instead