棉隆土壤消毒对高山甘蓝根肿病的防效及土壤真菌群落的影响
Effects of soil disinfection by dazomet on control efficacy of cabbage clubroot disease and soil fungal communities in high mountain area

通过田间试验，验证棉隆土壤消毒对湖北利川高山甘蓝根肿病的田间防效，并采用核糖体基因高通量测序方法研究土壤消毒对土壤真菌群落的影响。试验结果发现，棉隆处理对甘蓝根肿病的防效达到91.56%，显著高于氟啶胺和对照处理，产量分别较氟啶胺和对照增加63.18%和237.33%，纯收入分别增加19.38%和93.81%。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示，棉隆处理土壤根肿菌孢子数量为415个/g，低于氟啶胺处理（3 120个/g），显著低于对照（12 833个/g）。核糖体基因高通量测序总共得到1 842个真菌分类单元（operational taxonomical units,OTUs），其中180个（9.88%）OTUs为3个处理共有。棉隆处理土壤真菌群落结构在门水平与对照较为类似，但部分分类单元的丰度发生较大改变。棉隆处理土壤4种真菌α多样性指数有所降低，但与对照无显著差异，其中Chao1和ACE指数显著高于氟啶胺处理。真菌β多样性指数分析显示，棉隆与氟啶胺处理的距离较为接近，而与对照较远。Metastats分析显示，同对照比较，棉隆处理有15个属的真菌丰度发生显著改变，而氟啶胺处理有18个属的真菌丰度检测到显著性改变。以上结果说明，棉隆土壤消毒能有效防治高山甘蓝根肿病，且经济效益显著，同时对土壤真菌多样性无显著影响。
Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil disinfection by dazomet on the control efficacy of cabbage clubroot disease and soil fungal communities analyzed by high through-put sequencing of ribosomal genes in the high mountain area of Lichuan city of Hubei Province.Results showed that the control efficacy of soil disinfection by dazomet (DA) was 91.56%,significantly higher than that of fluazinam (FL) and control (CK).Compared with FL and CK,the yield of DA was increased 63.18% and 237.33%.The net income of DA was increased 19.38% and 93.81%.The result of quantitative real-time PCR showed that there were 415 spores/g in the soil by DA treatment,lower than that by FL (3 120 spores/g) and significantly lower than that in CK (12 833 spores/g) (P＜0.05).The result of high through-put sequencing of ribosomal genes showed that there were 1 842 fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic unit),of which 180 (9.88%) were commonly detected in three treatments.The community structures of fungi in three treatments were similar,but a part of genera had greater changes of abundance.Both DA and FL had a great influence on fungal α diversities.Among 4 indexes,the Chao1 and ACE indexes of DA and FL were significantly lower than that of CK (P＜0.05).The result of analyzing fungal β diversities showed that DA and FL were close to each other in distance,but further away from CK.The result of Metastats analyses showed that under DA and FL treatments,there were 15 and 29 genera with significant changes of abundance,respectively.The above results demonstrated that soil disinfection by DA can effectively control cabbage clubroot with significantly higher economic profits,while had no significant impact on soil fungal diversity.