不同种类秸秆添加对自蔓延高温合成纳米氧化锡的影响
Effects of the addition of different kinds of crop straws on nano-tin oxide product prepared by SHS method

以固定比例水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜或棉花秸秆粉末和镁、铝、氧化铜、四氧化三铁、氟化钙、氧化锡和锡粉组成的合成体系为研究对象，测定227组不同产地和不同品种秸秆粉末的化学组成，分析不同秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖总含量对所得纳米氧化锡有效转化率、粒径和纯度的影响规律，获得秸秆种类差异对制得纳米氧化锡的影响机制。结果表明，5种秸秆粉末均能实现高纯纳米氧化锡的自蔓延高温合成，其中水稻秸秆使用效果最佳。水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜、棉花秸秆粉末中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖的总含量依次下降，所涉自蔓延高温合成反应的放热量和产气量依次下降，所得纳米氧化锡的有效转化率和含锡量亦依次下降。5种秸秆粉末所得纳米氧化锡的平均粒径不存在明显差异，且秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和可溶性糖的总含量与平均粒径的关系无法用常规函数描述，因此，尚无法仅通过选择特定种类的秸秆来获得特定尺寸范围的纳米氧化锡。
Synthesis systems composed of magnesium,aluminum,copper oxide,ferroferric oxide,calcium fluoride,tin oxide,tin and straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape or cotton were set at a fixed mass fraction,and chemical compositions of 227 groups of crop straw powders from different breeds or planting area were determined.Change rules of conversion rates,particle sizes and compositions of different nano-tin oxide products were analyzed and effects of the total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in crop straws on nano-tin oxide products can be obtained.Results show that all of these 5 crop straw powders are suitable for preparing nano-tin oxides via self propagating high temperature synthesis method and rice straw powder is the best one.The total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in straw powders of rice,wheat,corn,rape and cotton decline in turn,which leads to similar decrease of heat and gas production in synthesis systems containing of them,so that conversion rates and mass fractions of Sn of the nano-tin oxide products prepared from them fall in turn.However,there is no significant difference in mean diameters of nano-tin oxide products prepared from these 5 crop straw powders and no a common function relationship between total contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and soluble sugar in them and these mean diameters,which means it is impossible to adjust the particle sizes of nano-tin oxide products only by changing the kind of crop straw powders.