Prevalence and Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes Among Urban and Rural Traders in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

DOI: 10.25141/2472-102X-2017-4.0064

Keywords: Increasing rates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a major threat to the health of populations in both developed and developing countries. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the prevalence and awareness of DM2 among traders who are second highest occupation besides farming in urban and rural communities in the Hohoe Municipality. This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out among 628 (18-65 years) adult traders residing in urban (330) and rural (298) communities. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge on DM2. Standard protocols were used for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Capillary blood sugar was measured after participants fasted for 8 hours. Chi-square statistics was used to determine associations between DM2 (dependent variable) and other independent categorical variables. Differences in Means were determined using the t-test, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between DM2 and possible risk factors. The overall prevalence of DM2 including those who were on treatment was 52 (8.3%), out of which 17(2.7%) were diagnosed while 5.6 % were undiagnosed. Of the 17 diagnosed diabetics, 10 (58.8%) could not control their blood sugar level. The prevalence at the time of the survey was 45 (7.2%), of which 1.6% were diagnosed and 5.6% were undiagnosed. The prevalence was significantly higher among rural (10.7%) as compared to urban traders (3.9%) (p<0.001). Of the 45 diabetics, 13 (28.9%) were from urban whilst 32 (71.1%) were from rural settings. Of the 13 urban DM2 cases, 9 (69.2%) were diagnosed whilst of the 32 cases from rural, 26 (81.3%) were undiagnosed. No formal education, single traders and mobile traders were 0.22, 0.08 and 0.30 times less likely to become diabetic , and respectively. Prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes is in alarmingly high proportions among traders in rural communities in the Hohoe municipality. These findings highlight the need to quantify the burden of the disease in all settings and identify effective preventive intervention and treatment strategies across Ghana. DM2 prevalence, Diagnosed and Undiagnosed DM2, Controlled and Uncontrolled DM2, Traders Urban, Rural, Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

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