A cluster analysis of protean and boundaryless career orientations: Relationships with career competencies

Previous research on protean and boundaryless careers has been variable centred, testing the outcomes of the dimensions of protean and boundaryless careers separately. Following the career typology of Briscoe and Hall (2006), this study aimed to explore the combined effect of protean (self-directedness and values orientation) and boundaryless (psychological and physical mobility) career dimensions on various career competencies, including identity awareness, adaptability, career planning, proactive job search behaviour, and external networking behaviour. Using cluster analysis with a sample of 285 professionals and mid-level managers, five of the eight career profiles in Briscoe and Hall’s (2006) typology emerged: protean career architect, hired gun, solid citizen, the wanderer, and trapped/lost. Results showed that the most positive career competencies were associated with protean career architect. Additionally, it was found that higher levels of self-directed career management and psychological and physical mobility were not sufficient to enhance identity awareness when the values-driven orientation was lower