HRM practices and organizational change: Evidence from Italian clinical directorates

The healthcare sector has been facing major reforms, among which the introduction of the Clinical Directorate (CD) model for hospitals. The purpose of this work is to explore the degree of implementation of innovative Human Resource Management (HRM) practices within CDs, in order to understand whether, after more than 15 years from their introduction, they have been able to transform their managerial approach concretely, in line with the CD model’s objectives. The tools have been attributed to three main HR initiatives: training, control, and evaluation ones. During on-site visits in 33 Italian hospitals, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with their CEOs and Clinical Directors. Data concerned both the mere adoption of HRM tools within CDs, as well as their effective degree of implementation. The answers to the questions were translated into a system of percentage scores, so as to detect mean percentages of implementation in each CD. Findings: The general degree of implementation of HRM practices is still somewhat distant from a theoretically excellent and full implementation, especially if we consider the important lag of time since the reforms affected the sector. Nevertheless, results open the way to important considerations about the effectiveness of the CD model. Original value: The original methodology and scoring system suggested in this work produce a concise evaluation of the development of an effective HRM system within CDs. Our framework of analysis allows interesting benchmarking activities among different CDs of an organization and, ultimately, among different organizations. Moreover, the methodology presented may constitute a valid source of information in order to carry out future research on the items able to affect the implementation of such tools