There has been an increase of community
studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The
incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is
recent, however, could contribute with relevant information about the health of
those communities. The lagoon of La Paz is a body of water located in La Paz,
B.C.S., México. Despite its regional importance, there are not recent studies
about its fish communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to
analyze the temporal and spatial structure of the functional diversity of fish
communities associated to soft bottoms, from August 2016 to July 2017, as well
as important environmental variables. Functional diversity indices showed significant
differences between months. Spatial analysis did not show significant
differences perhaps due to low variability of the type of substrate.
Temperature showed temporal differences as well. Therefore, temperature may be
a limiting environmental variable for many fish species inhabiting coastal
lagoons.
References
[1]
Escobedo-Urías, D., Martínez-López, A., Jiménez-Illescas, A., Ulloa-Pérez, A.E. and Zavala-Norzagaray, A. (2007) Intercambio de carbono orgánico particulado del sistema lagunar San Ignacio-Navachiste, Sinaloa, con el mar adyacente. Carbono en sistemas acuáticos de México. INE-CICESE, México, 171-185.
[2]
Pérez, R.A., Concepcion, M., Pérez, R.M. and Pérez, M.M. (2013) Are Coastal Lagoons Physically or Biologically Controlled Acosystems? Revisiting R vs K Strategies in Coastal Lagoons and Estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 132, 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.04.011
[3]
Loreau, M. (1998) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: A Mechanistic Model. Procedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95, 5632-5636. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.10.5632
[4]
Chapin, F.S., Zavelata, E.S., Eviner, V.T., Naylor, R.L., Vitousek, P.M., Reynolds, H.L., Hooper, D.U., Lavorel, S., Sala, O.E., Hobbie, S.E., Mack, M.C. and Diaz, S. (2000) Consequences of Changing Biodiversity. Nature, 405, 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012241
[5]
Tilman, D. (2000) Causes, Consequences and Ethics of Biodiversity. Nature, 405, 208-211. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012217
[6]
Díaz, S. and Cabido, M. (2001) Vive la Difference: Plant Functional Diversity Matters to Ecosystem Processes. Trends Ecology Evolution, 16, 646-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02283-2
[7]
Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L. and Holling, C.S. (2004) Regime Shifts, Resilience and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 35, 557-581. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105711
[8]
Sanquist, D.R. and Cordell, S. (2007) Functional Diversity of Carbon-Gain, Water-Use, and Leaf-Allocation Traits in Trees of a Threatened Lowland Dry Forest in Hawaii. American Journal of Botany, 94, 1459-1469. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.9.1459
[9]
Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J.P., Hector, A., Hooper, D.U., Huston, M.A., Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., Tilman, D. and Wardle, D.A. (2001) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Science, 294, 804-808. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064088
[10]
Hooper, D.U., Chapin III, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Hector, A., Inchausti, P., Lavorel, S., Lawton, J.H., et al. (2005) Effects of Biodiversity on Ecosystem Functioning: A Consensus of Current Knowledge. Ecological Monographs, 75, 3-35. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0922
[11]
Tilman, D. (1997) Distinguishing between the Effects of Species Diversity and Species Composition. Oikos, 80, 185. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546532
[12]
Hulot, F.D., Lacroix, G., Lescher-Moutoue, F.O. and Loreau, M. (2000) Functional Diversity Governs Ecosystem Response to Nutrient Enrichment. Nature, 405, 340-344. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012591
[13]
Villeger, S., Mason, N.W.H. and Mouillot, D. (2008) New Multidimensional Functional Diversity Indices for a Multifaceted Framework in Functional Ecology. Ecology, 89, 2290-2301. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1206.1
[14]
Dolbeth, M., Vendel, A.L., Pessanha, A. and Patrício, J. (2016) Functional Diversity of Fish Communities in Two Tropical Estuaries Subjected to Anthropogenic Disturbance. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 112, 244-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.011
[15]
Colin, N., Villéger, S., Wilkes, M., de Sostoa, A. and Maceda-Veiga, A. (2018) Functional Diversity Measures Revealed Impacts of Non-Native Species and Habitat Degradation on Species-Poor Freshwater Fish Assemblages. Science of the Total Environment, 625, 861-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.316
[16]
Heemsbergen, D.A., Berg, M.P., Loreau, M., Van Hal, J.R., Faber, J.H. and Verhoef, H.A. (2004) Biodiversity Effects on Soil Processes Explained by Interspecific Functional Dissimilarity. Science, 306, 1019-1020. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1101865
[17]
Mason, N.W.H., Mouillot, D., Lee, W.G. and Wilson, J.B. (2005) Functional Richness, Functional Evenness and Functional Divergence: The Primary Components of Functional Diversity. Oikos, 111, 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x
[18]
Anderson, M.J. (2006) Distance-Based Tests for Homogeneity of Multivariate Dispersions. Biometrics, 62, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00440.x
[19]
Laliberté, E. and Legendre, P. (2010) A Distance-Based Framework for Measuring Functional Diversity from Multiple Traits. Ecology, 91, 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2244.1
[20]
Vega, C.M.E. and Hernandez, S.M. (2004) Fish Community Structure and Dynamics in a Coastal Hypersaline Lagoon: Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 60, 285-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.01.005
[21]
Barjau, G.E., Armenta, Q.J.á., Romo, P.A.K. and López, V.J.M. (2018) Taxonomic Distinctness of the Soft-Bottom Fish Community in a Coastal Lagoon of the West Coast of the Gulf of California, México. International Journal of Marine Science, 8, 106-113.
[22]
Aguirre Bahena, F. (2002) Dinámica de los componentes de la materia particulada suspendida y otras variables hidrológicas en la Ensenada-Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Doctoral Dissertation, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas.
[23]
Sandoval, M., et al. (1997) Tides and Tidal in Ensenada de la paz Baja California Sur Mexico. Geofisica Internacional, 39, 37-47.
[24]
Green, R. and Larrinaga, H. (1986) Sedimentología y geoquímica de la laguna de La Paz B.C.S, México tesis de licenciatura UABCS, La Paz, México. 83 p.
[25]
Homar Rosselló, A. (2018) Comparación de diversidad funcional en comunidades de peces de plataforma de dos ecosistemas del Mediterráneo Occidental.
[26]
Jimenez illescas, A., Obesinieblas, M. and Salas de Leon, D.A. (1997) Oceanografía física de la bahía de la Paz, B.C.S., 31-41.
[27]
Francisco, V. and de la Cueva, H. (2017) Nuevas perspectivas en la diversidad funcional de ambientes marinos. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 45, 261-275. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue2-fulltext-3
[28]
Kang, B., Huang, X., Yan, Y., Yan, Y. and Lin, H. (2018) R Language-Based Methods for Revealing Taxonomic and Functional Diversity and Tracing Process of Fish Fauna. MethodsX, 5, 1498-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2018.11.003
[29]
Gray, C.A., Rotherham, D. and Johnson, D.D. (2011) Consistency of Temporal and Habitat-Related Difference among Assemblages of Fish in Coastal Lagoons. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 95, 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.010
[30]
Jiménez-Ramón, J.A. (1999) Los humedales de América Central: Su importancia ecológica y económica. WWF Centroamérica, 2, 4-6.
[31]
González, A.A.F., De la Cruz, A.J., De la Cruz, A.G. and Ruiz-Campos, G. (1999) Ictiofauna asociada al manglar del estero el Conchalito, ensenada de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México.