In the present study, a
model is suggested to describe hormone control in male blue gourami (Trichogaster
trichopterus) along the gonadotropic brain-pituitary- gonad axis (BPG axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic
axis (HPS axis). This model is based on the cloning and transcription of
genes encoding hormones of the two axes involved in spermatogenesis during blue
gourami reproduction. Gene transcription is affected by environmental,
biological, and behavioral factors. Mature
males were examined in two different stages—nonreproductive in high-density
habitats and reproductive in low-density habitats. Based on gene
transcription, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) was involved in
controlling spermatogenesis (spermatogonia to spermatids) via the BPG axis in
nonreproductive and reproductive stages by controlling follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2). However, GnRH3 had a larger effect
during the reproductive stage via the BPG axis (spermatids to sperm) on
luteinizing hormone (LH), 11KT, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). At the same time, the HPS axis was involved in
spermatogenesis via pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)
and its related peptide PRP (formerly known as GHRH-like peptide) in the brain,
and growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary affected synthesis of insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the liver.
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