Studies were carried out to investigate the outdoor air pollution levels
in vehicular traffic junctions in the major cities of Nsukka, Enugu and
semi-urban area of Awgu all in Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical
procedures. PM2.5 was collected using Envirotech air sampler, APM
550 and analyzed gravimetrically. Other determined air pollutant gases such as
SO2, NO2, O3 and CO were analyzed using
colorimetric techniques. The mean hourly traffic density in the vehicular
traffic junctions in Nsukka metropolis, Enugu metropolis and Awgu were 2015, 2873 and 587
respectively. The mean range of values of PM2.5, NO2, SO2,
O3 and CO in vehicular traffic junctions within the investigated
environments were 1.67 - 12.16 μg/m3, 3.72 - 23.83 μg/m3, 2.96 -
30.09 μg/m3, 5.45 - 66.54 μg/m3 and 1.18 - 15.17 ppm
respectively. The mean levels of the determined air pollutants in the air
around vehicular traffic junctions in Nsukka metropolis, Enugu metropolis and
Awgu semi-urban area differed significantly. The mean levels of PM2.5,
and CO in the
References
[1]
Han, X.L. and Naeher, L.P. (2015) A Review of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Studies in the Developing World. Environment International, 32, 106-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.020
[2]
Kulkarni, M.M. and Patil, R.S. (1999) Monitoring of Daily Integrated Exposure of Outdoor Workers to Respirable Particulate Matter in an Urban Region of India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 56, 129-146.
[3]
Chan, L.U., Kwok, W.S. and Chan, C.Y. (2000) Human Exposure to Respirable Suspended Particulate and Airborne Lead in Different Roadside Microenvironments. Chemosphere, 41, 93-99.
[4]
Bhatia, S.C. (2019) Environmental Pollution and Control in Chemical Process Industries. Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 163-167.
[5]
Rumana H.S., Sharma R.C., Beniwal V. and Sharma A.K. (2014) A Retrospective Approach to Asses Human Health Risks Associated with Growing Air Pollution in Urbanized Area of Thar Desert, Western Rajasthan, India. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-23
[6]
Zangury, E., Moullee, Y.L. and Momes, I. (2000) Exposure of Paris Taxi Drivers to Antomobile Air Pollutants within Their Vehicles. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57, 406-410.
[7]
Komolafe, A.A., Adegboyega, S.A., Anifowose, A.Y., Akinluyi, F.O. and Awoniran, D.R. (2014) Air Pollution and Climate Change in Lagos, Nigeria: Needs for Proactive Approaches to Risk Management and Adaptation. American Journal of Environmental Science, 10, 412-423. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2014.412.423
[8]
Ojo, O.S. and Awokola, O.S. (2012) Investigation of Air Pollutant from Automobiles and Inter Sections on Some Selected Major Roads in Ogbomoso, South Western, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of the Chemical and Civil Engineering, 1, 31-35. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-0143135
[9]
Ipeaiyeda, A.R. and Adegboyega, S.A. (2007) Assessment of Air Pollutant Concentrations near Major Roads in Residential, Commercial and Industrial Areas in Ibadan City, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Pollution, 7, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.11
[10]
Lntengs, F.K. and Edward, J.T. (2010) The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology. 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 510-513.
[11]
World Health Organization (2004) WHO Methods Data Sources for Global Causes of Death 2000-2012. Global Health Estimates Technical Paper WHO/HIS/HSI/ GHE/2014.7.
[12]
Wjst, M., Reltmier, P., Dold, S., Wulff, A. and Matius, E. (1993) Road Traffic and Exercise Effect on Respiratory Health in Children. BMJ Clinical Research, 307, 596-600.
[13]
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
[14]
Environmental Protection Agency (2017) Health and Environmental Effects of Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinrentoryreport.html
[15]
American Standard for Testing of Materials (2001) Atmospheric Analysis. Occupation Health, 11, 251-256.
[16]
World Health Organization (2010). Guidelines for Air Quality, Geneva, Switzerland.
[17]
Magari, S.R., Schwartz, J., Williams, P.L., Hausar, R., Smith, T.J. and Christian, D.C. (2002) The Association between Personal Measurements of Environmental Exposure to Particulates Heart Rate Variability. Epidemiology, 13, 305-310.
[18]
Farrar, O., Dingle, P. and Tan, R. (2001) Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide in Buses, Taxes and Bicycles in Perth, Western Australia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 66, 433-438.
[19]
Gomez-Perales, J.E., Colvile, R.N., Nieunenhuijsen, M.J., Guitierrez Avedoy, V.J., et al. (2004) Commuters Exposure to PM2.5, CO and Benzene in Public Transport in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1219-1229.
[20]
Njoku, K.L., Rumide, T.J., Akinola, M.O., Adesuyi, A.A. and Anuoluwapo, O. (2016) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Metropolitan City of Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 20, 178-185. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i1.21