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水环境中微塑料的研究现状
Research Status of Microplastics in the Water Environment

DOI: 10.12677/WPT.2021.91003, PP. 20-28

Keywords: 微塑料，水环境，毒理效应，生态效应
Microplastics, Water Environment, Toxicological Effect, Ecological Effect

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Abstract:

近年来，微塑料作为一种新型污染物已成为各国政府和公众关注的热点问题。由于其体积小、比表面积大，微塑料易成为各种有机污染物的载体，进而通过食物链威胁人类健康。从微塑料的来源、微塑料富集微生物和动植物所引发的生态效应、微塑料富集多种污染物所引发的联合毒性效应等方面介绍了微塑料对水环境系统的危害。综述了现阶段水环境中微塑料的研究进展，包括海洋环境、淡水环境以及污水处理厂，进而提出微塑料领域亟待解决的问题，以便于进来准确评估微塑料的环境风险。
In recent years, as a new type of pollutant, microplastics have become a hot issue of concern to governments and the public. Due to its small size and large specific surface area, MPs are likely to become carriers of various toxins, which in turn threaten human health through the food chain. From the sources of microplastics, the ecological effects caused by the enrichment of micro-plastics in microorganisms, animals and plants, and the combined toxicity effects caused by the enrichment of micro-plastics in multiple pollutants, the harm of microplastics to the water environment system is introduced. The current research progress of microplastics in water environment is reviewed, including marine environment, freshwater environment and sewage treatment plants. Furthermore, the problems that need to be solved in the field of microplastics are put forward so as to accurately assess the environmental risks of microplastics.

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