基于自适应反馈控制的座椅振动主动控制方法研究
Research on Seat Vibration Active Control Method Based on Adaptive Feedback Control

DOI: 10.12677/OJAV.2020.84012, PP. 97-109

Keywords: 座椅减振，主动控制，智能吸振器，自适应反馈控制
Seat Suspension, Active Control, Intelligent Vibration Absorber, Adaptive Feedback Control

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

本文研制了一套座椅主动减振系统，通过抑制座椅下方基础结构上的低频线谱振动，降低振动向座椅的传递，从而提高座椅的舒适性。该系统将传感器与主动执行器集成在一起，形成传感作动一体化的智能吸振器。采用自适应反馈FxLMS算法作为控制策略，有利于提高该系统在不同应用环境中的适应性和稳定性。然而，该算法在应用中由于机械结构和控制系统中存在的非线性，容易造成高次谐波振动的放大现象。为此，本文提出一种参考信号的预处理方法，通过将参考信号转化为矩形波并提取高次谐波分量的方法合成新的参考信号，从而实现对高次谐波振动的抑制，以解决座椅振动主动减振中高次谐波的放大现象。为验证本文提出方法的有效性，在实验室中搭建了座椅减振试验验证平台，该平台以矩形钢板作为基础结构，以模拟振源作为初级激励。试验结果表明本文提出的方法在实现基频振动大幅降低的同时，可有效解决座椅主动减振中出现的高次谐波放大问题。
In this paper, an active vibration control system of the seat is developed, which can reduce the transmission of vibration to the seat by suppressing the low-frequency harmonic vibration on the infrastructure underneath the seat, thus improving the comfort of the seat. The system integrates sensors with active actuators to form an intelligent vibration absorber with integrated sensing action. The adaptive feedback filter LMS algorithm is used as the control strategy to improve the adaptability and stability of the system in different application environments. However, the higher-order harmonic vibration may deteriorate due to the non-linearity in the structure and the control system. To alleviate the phenomenon, a pre-processing method of reference signal is proposed, which synthesizes the new reference signal by converting the reference signal into rectangular wave and extracting high-order harmonic components, so as to suppress the high-order harmonic vibration and solve the amplification phenomenon of the high-order harmonic in the active vibration reduction of the seat. A verification platform for seat vibration reduction test is built in the laboratory, which uses rectangular steel plate as the foundation structure and simulated vibration source as the primary excitation. The test results show that the higher-order harmonics of the foundation structure and the seat is significantly reduced when the fundamental frequency vibration is well controlled.

References

[1]	路闯, 叶应荣, 袁宏伟, 张建党. 坦克乘员552名腰痛状况分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2002, 30(1): 34-35.
[2]	Bongers, P.M., Hulshof, C.T., et al. (1990) Back Pain and Exposure to Whole Body Vibration in Helicopter Pilots. Ergonomics, 38, 1007-1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139008925309
[3]	Wan, Y. and Schimmels, J.M. (2003) Improved Vibration Isolating Seat Suspension Designs Based on Position-Dependent Nonlinear Stiffness and Damping Characteristics. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 125, 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1592189
[4]	Le, T.D. and Ahn, K.K. (2011) A Vibration Isolation System in Low Fre-quency Excitation Region Using Negative Stiffness Structure for Vehicle Seat. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330, 6311-6335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2011.07.039
[5]	Wang, Y., Li, S.M., Cheng, C., et al. (2018) Adaptive Control of a Vehicle-Seat-Human Coupled Model Using Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Vibration Isolator as Seat Suspension. Journal of Me-chanical Science and Technology, 32, 2973-2985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0601-2
[6]	Gad, S., Metered, H., Bassuiny, A. and Abdel Ghany, A.M. (2014) Vibration Control of Semi-Active MR Seat Suspension for Commercial Vehicles Using Genetic PID Controller. 10th International Conference on Vibration Engineering and Technology of Machinery, Vol. 23, 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09918-7_64
[7]	Choi, S.B. and Han, Y.M. (2007) Vibration Control of Elec-trorheological Seat Suspension with Human-Body Model Using Sliding Mode Control. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 303, 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.01.027
[8]	孙启超. 坦克座椅减振控制研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2007.
[9]	陈嘉豪. 坦克座椅磁流变隔振器设计与性能测试[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2016.
[10]	王迪. 面向直升机座椅系统的磁流变阻尼器半主动隔振问题研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014.
[11]	Stein, G.J. and Ballo, I. (1991) Active Vibration Control System for the Driver’s Seat for Off-Road Vehicles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 20, 57-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423119108968980
[12]	Kawana, M. and Shimogo, T. (2013) Active Suspension of Truck Seat. Shock & Vibration, 5, 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/579025
[13]	Abe, Y., Oshinoya, Y. and Ishibashi, K. (2002) Active Suspension of Truck Seat: Theoretical Considerations Using Coefficient Diagram Method. The Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch, Funabashi, 13-15 March 2002, 189-190.
[14]	Ning, D.H., Sun, S.S., Li, H.Y., Du, H.P. and Li, W.H. (2016) Active Control of an Innovative Seat Suspension System with Acceleration Measurement Based Friction Estimation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 384, 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.08.010
[15]	Maciejewski, I., Meyer, L. and Krzyzynski, T. (2010) The Vibration Damping Effectiveness of an Active Seat Suspension System and Its Robustness to Varying Mass Loading. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329, 3898-3914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.04.009
[16]	Chen, Y., Mickramsinghe, V. and Zimcik, D.G. (2011) Develop-ment of Adaptive Helicopter Seat for Aircrew Vibration Reduction. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Struc-tures, 22, 489-502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11400343
[17]	Chen, Y., Mickramsinghe, V. and Zimcik, D.G. (2009) Devel-opment of Adaptive Seat Mounts for Helicopter Aircrew Body Vibration Reduction. Journal of Vibration and Control, 15, 1890-1825. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546309103275
[18]	金先龙, 朱碧海. 汽车座椅振动最优控制的电模拟[J]. 武汉汽车工业大学学报, 1999, 21(1): 24-26.
[19]	刘会英, 盖玉先, 郑超. 汽车座椅主动振动控制与仿真分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2006, 22(4): 1227-1230.
[20]	张连莹. 汽车座椅振动控制及仿真分析[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 青岛: 青岛大学, 2018.
[21]	刘衫. 车辆座椅隔振系统的主被动控制研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 济南: 山东大学, 2018.
[22]	杨铁军, 靳国永, 刘志刚. 船舶动力装置振动的主动控制[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2011.

Full-Text