Mid-term results of hindfoot arthrodesis with a retrograde intramedullary nail in 24 patients with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy

Background and purpose — Hindfoot arthrodesis using retrograde intramedullary nailing assumes a critical role in limb salvage for patients with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). However, this procedure is compelling and fraught with complications in diabetic patients. We report the mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of retrograde intramedullary nailing for severe foot and ankle deformity in patients with diabetic CN. Patients and methods — Hindfoot arthrodesis was performed using a retrograde intramedullary nail in 24 patients (15 females) with diabetic Charcot foot. The mean age of the patients was 62 years (33–82); the mean follow-up was 45 months (24–70). The primary outcomes were rates of fusion, limb salvage, and complications. Results — The overall fusion rate was 23/24, and none of the patients needed amputation. The rate of superficial wound infection was 4/24, and no deep infection or osteomyelitis was observed postoperatively. Interpretation — For selected cases of diabetic CN with severe foot and ankle deformity, hindfoot arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail seems to be a good technique in achieving fusion, limb salvage, and avoidance of complications