Structural Organization and Features of Speech and Music Perception in Language Functions’ Implementation with Timbre’s Perceptive Assessment

In cognitive science, the psychological and biological foundations of music are often considered in the context of comparison with the functions of speech and language. The article describes some aspects of the similarities and differences between music and speech in the implementation of language functions, as well as a typological study of its features according to Buhler, Jakobson, Halliday and Kiklewicz classifications. A general comparison of structural organization and main perceptual characteristics of music and speech signals is carried out additionally, with separate consideration of neurophysiological foundations of the auditory analysis of timbre characteristics of speech sources (speaker's voice) and music (instrument sounds). Some aspects of the practical application of auditory and musical training in the context of training and rehabilitation measures for sensory-cognitive dysfunctions of various genesis are explained, with the prospects of further research aimed at studying the influence of the timbre on the indices of spatial selectivity of musical perception in comparison with the characteristics of the spatial selectivity of speech hearing in the perception of complex acoustic scenes