Breast Conserving
Surgery (BCS) is a rapidly emerging field increasingly adopted to facilitate
breast conservation and preserve breast aesthetics. Since the publication of the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of Breast
Conserving Surgery versus mastectomy in early breast cancer, the adoption of
BCS for breast cancer patients’ surgical management has been comprehensive. A
computerized bibliographic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane library databases. This article aims to
perform a thorough review of new data regarding invasive cancer and margins
while evaluating patient outcomes related to BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
focusing on margins, imaging evaluation, the extent of resection, and local
regional recurrence outcomes. The growth pattern and biopsy of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) differ from invasive
cancer, impacting margins. It is essential to understand how the Society of
Surgical Oncology (SSO) DCIS margin guideline has influenced practice. Early
breast cancer surgical management should be unique to each patient, driven by
evidence-based medicine, and focused on specific clinical, histological, and
molecular characteristics of the tumor. Conclusion: The current
management for early breast cancer should be tailored and evidence-based to
each patient based on the clinical, histological and molecular characteristics
of the tumor. Presumably, the standard of care in BCS has enhanced the outcomes
for this patient population. This review made by peers will help surgeons to
stay up to date with the current literature and help them manage breast cancer
while improving multiple clinical parameters such as Disease-Free Survival (DFS),
Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) and most importantly Overall Survival (OS).
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