Nutritional Support in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality inchildren. Their daily calorie and protein requirements should be met from the nutrients with high biological value. Growth and development retardation occur in 36% of thechildren with CKD. The protein-energy loss secondary to metabolic and hormonal imbalances is associated with the increased morbidity and mortality in children with CKD.Continuous muscle protein metabolism in CKD leads to the loss of muscle proteins. According to the NKF-KDOQI guidelines recommends the use of recombinant growth hormone in order to improve the short stature and to ensure proper growth for the patientswho are between Grade 2 and 5 and who are not responsive to nutritional support and control of metabolic abnormalities for at least three months. The requirement for the children and adolescents after transplantation is not different from that of the healthy children and adolescents. There is no need for multivitamin supplementation after a successful transplantation. Intradialytic nutrition is recommended for the children on hemodialysis, those who cannot meet their requirements from oral or enteral nutrition, and whentheir BMI is below the 5th percentile according to their height-for-age. For the treatment of mortality and morbidity in children with CKD, nutrition should be strictly followed and scientific guidelines should be considered