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- 2018
Effects of Ultrasonication Time on Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Pigment Extraction from Spirulina platensisKeywords: Spirulina platensis,Ultrasonikasyon,Klorofil-a,Fikosiyanin,Antioksidan aktivite Abstract: Interest on microalgae has increased in food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries because of their high nutrient contents such as proteins, essential oils, vitamins and pigments. Phycocyanin and chlorophyll, which are responsible for blue and green pigments in Spirulina, are used as colorants in foods such as dairy products, chewing gums and jellies, and pharmacy. For pigment extraction from Spirulina, various methods are used such as solvent extraction, supercritical solvent, freezing/thawing, sonication and enzymation. In this study, the effect of ultrasonication process time on the extraction of phycocyanin and chlorophyll-a prior to the application of solvent extraction with methanol and aqueous sodium nitrate solution (1.5% NaNO3), and the antioxidant activity (FRAP, Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) of extracts were determined. Ultrasonication for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes were applied prior to methanol and NaNO3 solvent extraction for 120 minutes at room temperature. Chlorophyll-a concentration with 6.75 mg/g dry spirulina for control sample increased to 7.70 mg/g dry spirulina by 30 minute sonication process, and it remained constant at further sonication times. Moreover, phycocyanin concentration with 34.52 mg/g dry spirulina for control sample increased to 51.83 mg/g dry spirulina up to 45 minute sonication process and remained constant at further sonication. Antioxidant activity of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin were 15.74 mg/g and 11.98 mg/g, respectively for 60 minutes sonic application followed by solvent extraction. In conclusion, prior to solvent extraction, 30 minute sonication process is recommended for chlorophyll-a while 45 minute process for phycocyanin
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