DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF GATED COMMUNUTIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON NEIGHBORHOOD STRUCTURE IN üSKüDAR

In 1980s, the phenomenon of “gated communities” that emerged in developed and developing countries all over the world, especially in the USA, has turned into an increasing trend in today's cities. In the first half of the 1980s, the gated communities, which were started to be built in our country, are now seen not only in big cities, but also in small to medium-sized cities. In this study, the gated communities established between 1980 and 2017 in üsküdar district, which is one of the historical places of Istanbul, has been determined with Google Earth Pro software, OpenStreet Map, Wikimapia online platforms and field observations and transferred to the map with ArcGIS Pro software. In üsküdar district, the average fair values of the 260 residential areas, floor numbers, building types, establishment years and location of the residential areas, which have different physical equipment, but which are not identical, are defined as gated communities was determined to be. In addition, the socio-cultural differences of the traditional neighborhood structure of Istanbul, which is mentioned briefly in the first part of the study and the socio-cultural differences of today's gated communities are examined and the problems that this situation can create socially are pointed out. As a result, it has been determined that closed sites in üsküdar are not distributed homogeneously in the neighborhoods qualitatively and quantitatively. It has been found that the tendency of gated communities has increased rapidly in the period examined and caused many socio-cultural and economic problems besides its various benefits. In recent years, as a result of the measures taken by the Uskudar Municipality, the reduction of gated communities structures has been progressed in terms of returning to the housing types that are suitable for the traditional neighborhood structure, but it has not yet reached a sufficient level