Evaluation of the Qadi (Muslim Judges) and the Naibs (interrogators) in the states of Anatolia and Rumelia in the period of Murad III

The triangulation point of the administrative mechanism of the Ottoman Empire was composed of justice. The fact that The Ottoman Principality had taken the slogan of justice since the foundation years was an indication of this.In the first years of the transition from the principal period to the state, sending qadi and princes to the provinces revealed how much importance was given to justice. The establishment of the Kazasker Office (Ministry of Justice) in the Ottoman Empire, which had a systematic state organization, showed that the carrier columns of the state were built on justice. The trainings and the inspections of the qadis, who were equipped with wide powers and sent to the country (in the rural), and the rules they should follow in their duties were determined by the central administration.The determination of these rules by law and meticulously showed that the Ottoman State paid attention to fair governance and justice.Nevertheless, during the period of Murat III the people had presented a large number of petitions and complaints to the imperial council (the council in Ottoman Empire) about some qadis and naibs.In this case, the central administration had to take some measures because of the petitions given by the ehl-i ？rf (seyfiye class: military-administrative officials) and ehl-i ？er (ilmiyye class: government officals responsible for religion, justice, jurisprudence and medrese education) about the injustices of the qadis and the naibs in the provinces. Although the qadis and the naibs had been controlled by the central administration, the petitions and complaints of the people had been decisive in the inspection and the superintendence. Therefore, the Ottoman Empire trusted the people and saw them as an element of the control system.In the second half of the 19th century, with the disruption of the ancient law and the appointments of the qadis and the naibs without paying attention to the merit, the graduation of qadi candidates from medrese (Moslem seminary) without having a good education, their living in economic problems and running the courts with bribery led to questioning of the qadis and the naibs decisions by the people. For this reason, numerous applications were made by the people to the imperial council (during this period)