National Innovation Ecosystem of Turkey

In accordance with increased acceptance of the importance of innovation, businesses and countries want to increase their innovation activities. In particular, industry 4.0 as a new industrial vision makes innovation activities more critical. Innovation activities previously were seen as an activity that occurs within the business. Following, there has been a thought that interaction of various actors facilitated this activity. At this point, the concept of innovation clusters has been developed. Today, however, there is a view that the cluster perspective does not reflect the dynamic dimension of innovation activities. According to this view, innovation requires a vibrant structure in which a wide variety of actors learn, develop and evolve together. The vibrant structure is defined by the concept of "ecosystem". In this study by examining the relevant literature the major variables of Turkey's innovation ecosystem (markets, capital, universities, businesses/enterprises, human resources, culture, and regulations) have been identified, each variable has been analyzed according to relevant indicators and a general overview has been presented