Subject: SLE is an autoimmune disease with skin, joint, renal, cardiovascular, and nervous manifestations. The disease is classified as an immune complex-mediated disease and is characterized by the production of various autoantibodies. Until now, more than 100 autoantibodies have been identified. Patients and methods: This study was performed on 200 SLE patients. All of them were females and their ages ranged from 20 to 49 years. All participants in this study were subjected to physical examination, thorough history taking including age, sex, age of onset, duration of SLE disease, family history, and SLEDAI. Laboratory investigations included: CBC, ESR, liver function tests, renal function tests, ANA, Anti-dsDNA, CRP, Complements C3, C4, and Anti-NCS. Results: There was a highly significant inverse correlation between anti-NCS antibodies and Hb level, a significant direct correlation between anti-NCS antibodies and 24hr proteinuria, a significant inverse correlation between anti-NCS antibodies and complements (C3 and C4), a significant correlation between anti-NCS antibodies and anti dsDNA antibodies, a significant correlation between anti-NCS and disease activity, SLEDAI, and renal affection. Conclusion: Anti-NCS antibody can be a useful tool in the diagnosis of SLE especially in patients who are negative for anti-ds DNA antibodies.
References
[1]
Saisoong, S., Eiam-Ong, S. and Hanvivatvong, O. (2006) Correlations between Anti-nucleosome Antibodies and Anti-Double-Stranded DNA Antibodies, C3, C4, and Clinical Activity in Lupus Patients. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 24, 51-58.
[2]
Peter, A. and Merkel, B. (2001) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Andreoli, T., Charles, C., Carpenter, C.J., Griggs, R.C. and Loscalzo, J., Eds., Cecil Essentials of medicine, 5th Edition, WB Saunder, Philadelphia, 682-688.
[3]
Agrawal, N., Chiang, L.K. and Rifkin, I.R. (2006) Lupus Nephritis. Seminars in Nephrology, 26, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.09.002
[4]
Villalta, D., Tozzoli, R., Bizzaro, N., Tonutti, E., Ghirardello, A. and Doria, A. (2005) The Relevance of Autoantigen Source and Cutoff Definition in Antichromatin (Nucleosome) Antibody Immunoassays. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1050, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1313.018
[5]
Cervera, R., Vinas, O., Ramos-Casals, M., Font, J., García-Carrasco, M., Sisó, A., et al. (2003) Antichromatin Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Useful Marker for Lupus Nephropathy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 62, 431-434. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.62.5.431
[6]
González, C., Garcia-Berrocal, B., Herráez, O., Navajo, J.A. and González-Buitrago, J.M. (2004) Anti-Nucleosome, Anti-Chromatin, Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Histone Antibody Reactivity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 42, 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.049
[7]
Ravirajan, C.T., Rowse, L., MacGowan, J.R. and Isenberg, D.A. (2001) An Analysis of Clinical Disease Activity and Nephritis-Associated Serum Autoantibody Profiles in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Rheumatology, 40, 1405-1412. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/40.12.1405
[8]
Foerger, F., Oppermann, M. and Helmke, K. (2002) Diagnostic Value of Two Anti-Nucleosome ELISA Compared to Anti-DNA Measurement in Patients with SLE. Autoimmunity Reviews, 1, Article No. 87.
[9]
Cervera, R. (2002) Clinical Utility of Antichromatin Antibodies in Autoimmune Disease—Barcelona Experience. Autoimmunity Reviews, 1, Article No. 31.
[10]
Amoura, Z., Koutouzov, S., Chabre, H., Cacoub, P., Amoura, I., Musset, L., Bach, J.F. and Piette, J.C. (2000) Presence of Antinucleosome Autoantibodies in a Restricted Set of Connective Tissue Diseases: Antinucleosome Antibodies of the IgG3 Subclass Are Markers of Renal Pathogenicity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 43, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200001)43:1%3C76::AID-ANR10%3E3.0.CO;2-I
[11]
Adler, M., Chambers, S., Edwards, C., Neild, G. and Isenberg, D. (2006) An Assessment of Renal Failure in an SLE Cohort with Special Reference to Ethnicity, over a 25-Year Period. Rheumatology, 45, 1144-1147. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel039
[12]
Simón, J.A., Cabiedes, J., Ortiz, E., Alcocer-Varela, J. and Sánchez-Guerrero, J. (2004) Anti-Nucleosome Antibodies in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus of Recent Onset. Potential Utility as a Diagnostic Tool and Disease Activity marker. Rheumatology, 43, 220-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh024
[13]
Petri, M., Orbai, A.M., Alarcón, G.S., Gordon, C., Merrill, J.T., Fortin, P.R., et al. (2012) Derivation and Validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 64, 2677-2686. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34473
[14]
Bombardier, C., Gladman, D.D., Urowitz, M.B., Caron, D., Chang, C.H., Austin, A., et al. (1992) Derivation of the SLEDAI. A Disease Activity Index for Lupus Patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 35, 630-640. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780350606
[15]
Mirzayan, M.J., Schmidt, R.E. and Witte, T. (2000) Prognostic Parameters for Flare in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheumatology, 39, 1316-1319. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1316
[16]
Pisetsky D.S. (2000) Anti-DNA and Autoantibodies. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 12, 364-368. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200009000-00002
[17]
Gutiérrez-Adrianzén, O.A., Koutouzov, S., Mota, R.M., das Chagas Medeiros, M.M., Bach, J.F. and de Holanda Campos, H. (2006) Diagnostic Value of Anti-Nucleosome Antibodies in the Assessment of Disease Activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective Study Comparing Anti-Nucleosome with Anti-dsDNA Antibodies. The Journal of Rheumatology, 33, 1538-1544.
[18]
Bigler, C., Lopez-Trascasa, M., Potlukova, E., Moll, S., Danner, D., Schaller, M., et al. (2008) Antinucleosome Antibodies as a Marker of Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 51, 624-629. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.10.041
[19]
Cairns, A.P., McMillan, S.A., Crockard, A.D., Meenagh, G.K., Duffy, E.M., Armstrong, D.J., et al. (2003) Antinucleosome Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 62, 272-273. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.62.3.272
[20]
Wu, J.F., Yang, Y.H., Wang, L.C., Lee, J.-H., Shen, E.-Y. and Chiang, B.-L. (2006) Antinucleosome Antibodies Correlate with the Disease Severity in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Journal of Autoimmunity, 27, 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2006.07.001
[21]
Isenberg, D. (2004) Anti-dsDNA Antibodies: Still a Useful Criterion for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Lupus, 13, 881-885. https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203304lu2028oa
[22]
Bruns, A., Blass, S., Hausdorf, G., Burmester, G.R. and Hiepe, F. (2000) Nucleosomes Are Major T and B Cell Auto-Antigens in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 43, 2307-2315. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200010)43:10%3C2307::AID-ANR19%3E3.0.CO;2-J
[23]
Min, D.J., Kim, S.J., Park, S.H., Seo, Y.I., Kang, H.J., Kim, W.U., et al. (2002) Anti-Nucleosome Antibody: Significance in Lupus Patients Lacking Anti-Double-Stranded DNA Antibody. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 20, 13-18.
[24]
Düzgün, N., Sahin, M., Genç, Y. and Tutkak, H. (2007) Antinucleosome Antibodies and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1109, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1398.048
[25]
Tikly, M., Gould, T., Wadee, A.A., van der Westhuizen, E. and Mokgethwa, B.B.N. (2007) Clinical and Serological Correlates of Antinucleosome Antibodies in South Africans with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clinical Rheumatology, 26, 2121-2125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-007-0637-7
[26]
Su, Y., Jia, R.L., Han, L. and Li, Z.-G. (2007) Role of Anti-Nucleosome Antibody in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clinical Immunology, 122, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.10.003
[27]
Julkunen, H., Salonen, E.M., Walle, T.K. and Miettinen, A. (2005) Anti-Nucleosome Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 34, 122-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813430510015250-1
[28]
Heidenreich, U., Mayer, G., Herold, M., Klotz, W., Stempfl Al-Jazrawi, K. and Lhotta, K. (2009) Sensitivity and Specificity of Autoantibody Tests in the Differential Diagnosis of Lupus Nephritis. Lupus, 18, 1276-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203309345753
[29]
Benucci, M., Gobbi, F.L., Del Rosso, A., Cesaretti, S., Niccoli, L. and Cantini, F. (2003) Disease Activity and Antinucleosome Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 32, 42-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/03009740310000391
[30]
Sallai, K., Nagy, E., Derfalvy, B., Müzes, G. and Gergely, P. (2005) Antinucleosome Antibodies and Decreased Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Sera of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 12, 56-59. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.1.56-59.2005
[31]
Souza, A., da Silva, L.M., Oliveira, F.R., Roselino, A.M.F. and Louzada Jr., P. (2009) Anti-Nucleosome and Anti-Chromatin Antibodies Are Present in Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus but Not in the Cutaneous Form of the Disease. Lupus, 18, 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203308096255
[32]
Haddouk, S., Ben Ayed, M., Baklouti, S., Hachicha, J., Bahloul, Z. and Masmoudi, H. (2005) Clinical Significance of Antinucleosome Antibodies in Tunisian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Clinical Rheumatology, 24, 219-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-004-1005-5
[33]
Půtová, I., Dostal, C. and Becvar, R. (2007) Prevalence of Antinucleosome Antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Systemic Diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1109, 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1398.033
[34]
Ghirardello, A., Doria, A., Zampieri, S., Tarricone, E., Tozzoli, R., Villalta, D., Bizzaro, N., Piccoli, A. and Gambari, P. F. (2004) Antinucleosome Antibodies in SLE: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study of 101 Patients. Journal of Autoimmunity, 22, 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2003.12.005
[35]
Quattrocchi, P., Barrile, A., Bonanno, D., Giannetto, L., Patafi, M., Tigano, V., et al. (2005) The Role of Anti-Nucleosome Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Results of a Study of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases. Reumatismo, 57, 109-113. https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2005.109
