全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance of Nkhafi Irrigation Scheme in Dowa District, Malawi, Africa

DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2021.103007, PP. 95-107

Keywords: Adequacy, Water Delivery Efficiency, Equity, Dependability, Irrigation Efficiency

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This study evaluated the water delivery performance of Nkhafi irrigation scheme based on adequacy, water delivery efficiency, equity, dependability and irrigation efficiency. Primary data were collected from field measurements, scheduled interviews, group discussions and use of a structured questionnaire. CROPWAT 8.0 computer model was used to determine crop water requirements and irrigation requirements. The results revealed that adequacy, water delivery efficiency, equity, dependability and overall water delivery performance were (0.74; 0.82), (0.70; 0.80), (0.15; 0.20), (0.11; 0.21) and (0.80; 0.80) for 2017 and 2018 seasons respectively. The scheme overall irrigation efficiencies were 20% and 25% for 2017 and 2018 respectively. These findings revealed that scheme users failed to deliver adequate and dependable water in an effective manner in both growing seasons. This occurred due to insufficient water supply, poor irrigation scheduling, lack of adequate knowledge and skills in operating and rehabilitating hydraulic structures, siltation and water losses through seepage in canals. Therefore, it is recommended that major maintenance works need to be done along the whole canal network in order to achieve good overall water delivery performance. Furthermore, farmers need to be trained in water management, sustainable agricultural production practices, operation and maintenance of irrigation structures. The study has provided an insight on the status of the scheme hence encouraging scheme users to improve water delivery performance.

References

[1]  AGRA (Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa) (2014) Africa Agriculture Status Report: Climate Change and Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, Nairobi.
[2]  Falloon, P. and Betts, R. (2010) Climate Impacts on European Agriculture and Water Management in the Context of Adaptation and Mitigation—The Importance of an Integrated Approach. Science of the Total Environment, 408, 5667-5687.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.002
[3]  Oti, J.O., Kabo-bah, A.T. and Ofosu, E. (2020) Hydrologic Response to Climate Change in the Densu River Basin in Ghana. Heliyon, 6, e04722.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04722
[4]  Pham, B.Q., Yu, P.S., Yang, T.C., Kuo, C.M. and Tseng, H.W. (2017) Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources by Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Model: Case Study in THAC MO Catchment, Vietnam. Proceedings of the 37th IAHR World Congress, Kuala Lumpur, 13-18 August 2017, 4312-4321.
[5]  Gotosa, J., Gichuki, F.N. and Senzanje, A. (2002) Performance Assessment of Water Delivery to a Smallholder Irrigation Scheme in Zimbabwe, Nyanyadzi Case Study. Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa, The Journal of the University of Zimbabwe, 8, 37-52.
[6]  Fan, Y., Gao, Z., Wang, S., Chen, H. and Liu, J. (2018) Evaluation of the Water Allocation and Delivery Performance of Jiamakou Irrigation Scheme, Shanxi, China. Water, 10, Article No. 654.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050654
[7]  Gomo, T., Senzanje, A., Mudhara, M. and Dhavu, K. (2014) Assessing the Performance of Smallholder Irrigation and Deriving Best Management Practices in South Africa. Irrigation and Drainage, 63, 419-429.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1815
[8]  Vandersypen, K., Bengaly, K., Keita, A.C., Sidibe, S., Raes, D. and Jamin, J.Y. (2006) Irrigation Performance at Tertiary Level in the Rice Schemes of the Office du Niger(Mali): Adequate Water Delivery through Over-Supply. Agricultural Water Management, 83, 143-152.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.11.003
[9]  Mohammadi, A., Parvaresh-Rizi, A. and Abbasi, N. (2018) Prospective of Water Distribution Based on the Performance of Hydraulic Structures in Varamin Irrigation scheme (Iran). Irrigation and Drainage, 68, 245-255.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2301
[10]  Ortiz, R. (2020) Conveyance, Distribution, Application, System and Global Efficiencies in the Tumbaco Irrigation System—Ecuador. Central University of Ecuador, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Jerónimo Leiton y Av. La Gasca s/n. Ciudadela Universitaria, Article No. 17052.
[11]  Molden, D.J. and Gates, T.K. (1990) Performance Measures for Evaluation of Irrigation Water Delivery Systems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 116, 804-823.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1990)116:6(804)
[12]  Renault, D. and Wahaj, R. (2005) Performance Indicators of Irrigation Service. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Water Development and Management Unit, Rome, 1-16.
[13]  Reddi, S. and Reddy, Y. (2003) Efficient Use of Irrigation Water. Kalyani Publishing House, New Delhi.
[14]  Agide, Z., Haileselassie, A., Sally, H., Erkossa, T. and Schmitter, P.S. (2016) Analysis of Water Delivery Performance of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in Ethiopia, Diversity and Lessons across Schemes, Typologies and Reaches. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
[15]  Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (1989) Irrigation Manual: Planning, Development, Monitoring and Evaluation of Irrigated Agriculture with Farmers Participation. Vol. 2, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
[16]  Eisenhauer, D.E. (1997) Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 123, 423-442.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:6(423)
[17]  Halcrow, W., et al. (1992) Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Manual: Kapunga Project. National Agricultural and Food Cooperation, Tanzania.
[18]  Machibya, M., Lankford, B. and Mdemu, M. (2004) Irrigation Efficiency and Productivity Manual, Tools for Irrigation Professionals and Practioners. Irrigation Efficiency and Productivity Workshop, Mbeya, May 2004.
https://www.academia.edu/29610159/Irrigation_Efficiency_and_Productivity_Manual_Tools_for_Irrigation_Professionals_and_Practitioners
[19]  Dejen, Z.A., Schultz, B. and Hayde, L. (2012) Comparative Irrigation Performance Assessment in Community-Managed Schemes in Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 4956-4970.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.2135
[20]  Ulsido, D.M. and Alemu, E. (2014) Irrigation Water Management in Small Scale Irrigation Schemes: The Case of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Basin. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 67, 5-15.
https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.67.1.6240
[21]  Yami, M. and Snyder, K. (2012) Improving Sustainability of Impacts of Agricultural Water Management Interventions in Challenging Contexts, Case Study from Ethiopia. International Water Management Institut

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413