某柴油发动机排气消声器设计及其声学性能研究
The Design of Exhaust Muffler for a Diesel Engine and the Study on Its Acoustic Performance

DOI: 10.12677/OJAV.2021.92010, PP. 89-100

Keywords: 声学，柴油发动机，排气噪声控制，阻抗复合消声器，气流速度，传递损失
Acoustics, Diesel Engines, Exhaust Noise Control, Impedance Composite Muffler, Airflow Velocity, Transmission Loss

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Abstract:

为降低某型号柴油发动机排气噪声，针对实测得到的满载工况下排气噪声中低频线谱噪声特性，依据阻抗复合式消声器的噪声控制特点并结合小孔喷注结构，设计一种具有宽频降噪效果的复合式消声器。应用Virtual.Lab软件对所设计消声器进行仿真分析并进行实验测试，结果表明：所设计的消声器具有良好的宽频降噪效果，实验测定得到噪声声压级降低了37.48 dB (A)，其传递损失受到内部气流速度的影响十分微弱。在阻抗复合消声器结构中加入小孔喷注降噪结构能够进一步提升消声器的低频降噪性能。该消声器的设计方法与思路可为解决柴油发动机排气噪声控制问题提供参考。
The purpose is to reduce the exhaust noise of a diesel engine. The middle and low frequency line spectrum noise characteristics of exhaust noise obtained from actual measurement under full load condition are targeted .According to the noise control characteristics of impedance composite muffler and small hole injection structure, a kind of compound muffler with broadband noise reduction effect is designed. LMS Virtual.Lab is used to simulate and analyze the designed muffler, and the experiment is carried out at the same time. The results show that the designed muffler has good broadband noise reduction effect, the noise sound pressure level is reduced by 37.48 db (A), and the average velocity of internal airflow has little effect on the sound transmission loss of muffler. Adding small hole injection noise reduction structure into the impedance composite muffler struc-ture can further improve the low frequency noise reduction performance of the muffler. The design method and idea of the muffler can provide reference for solving the problem of diesel engine exhaust noise control.

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