Background: Several previous researchers have investigated the prognostic value of serum tumor markers, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Only a limited number of studies reported the usefulness of serum tumor markers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). We aimed to examine the significance of serum tumor markers for lung SQ. Methods: Eighty-five lung SQ patients who underwent surgery and followed more than 5-year were included. The ratios of 5-year survivors to all patients in groups with several clinicopathologic factors, including tumor markers, were compared. We also compared the clinicopathologic factors between central type and peripheral type SQ. Results: The majority of patients were male gender and current/ former smokers. Age, pN status, cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and comorbid interstitial pneumonia (IP) were associated with the ratio of 5-year survivors significantly. When patients were compared based on tumor location, high p-stage and CYFRA 21-1 were related to central type SQ. Conclusion: Both SCC and CYFRA 21-1 appeared to be useful prognostic markers for patients with lung SQ. Furthermore, CYFRA 21-1 was related to central type SQ.
References
[1]
Grunnet, M. and Sorensen, J.B. (2012) Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) as Tumor Marker in Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer, 76, 138-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.11.012
[2]
Kinoshita, T., Ohtsuka, T., Yotsukura, M., Asakura, K., Goto, T., Kamiyama, I., Otake, S., Tajima, A., Emoto, K., Hayashi, Y. and Kohno, M. (2015) Prognostic Impact of Preoperative Tumor Marker Levels and Lymphovascular Invasion in Pathological Stage I Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 10, 619-628. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000480
[3]
Tomita, M., Shimizu, T., Ayabe, T., Yonei, A. and Onitsuka, T. (2010) Prognostic Significance of Tumour Marker Index Based on Preoperative CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer Research, 30, 3099-3102.
[4]
Yu, D., Du, K., Liu, T. and Chen, G. (2013) Prognostic Value of Tumor Markers, NSE, CA125 and SCC, in Operable NSCLC Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14, 11145-11156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611145
[5]
Takeuchi, S., Nonaka, M., Kadokura, M. and Takaba, T. (2003) Prognostic Significance of Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Surgically Treated Lung Cancer. Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 9, 98-104.
[6]
Vassilakopoulos, T., Troupis, T., Sotiropoulou, C., Zacharatos, P., Katsaounou, P., Parthenis, D., Noussia, O., Troupis, G., Papiris, S., Kittas, C., Roussos, C., Zakynthinos, S. and Gorgoulis, V. (2001) Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer, 32, 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00225-7
[7]
Kulpa, J., Wójcik, E., Reinfuss, M. and Kołodziejski, L. (2002) Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, CYFRA 21-1, and Neuron-Specific Enolase in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clinical Chemistry, 48, 1931-1937. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.11.1931
[8]
Niklinski, J., Furman, M., Chyczewska, E., Chyczewski, L., Rogowski, F. and Laudanski, J. (1995) Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the New Tumour Marker CYFRA 21-1 in Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. The European Respiratory Journal, 8, 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08020291
[9]
Lin, M.W., Huang, Y.L., Yang, C.Y., Kuo, S.W., Wu, C.T. and Chang, Y.L. (2019) The Differences in Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Characteristics between Surgically Resected Peripheral and Central Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 26, 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6993-5
[10]
Saijo, T., Ishii, G., Nagai, K., Funai, K., Nitadori, J., Tsuta, K., Nara, M., Hishida, T. and Ochiai, A. (2006) Differences in Clinicopathological and Biological Features between Central-Type and Peripheral-Type Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Lung Cancer, 52, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.12.006
[11]
Goldstraw, P., Chansky, K., Crowley, J., Rami-Porta, R., Asamura, H., Eberhardt, W.E., Nicholson, A.G., Groome, P., Mitchell, A. and Bolejack, V. (2016) The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 11, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.009
[12]
Sagawa, M., Sakurada, A., Fujimura, S., Sato, M., Takahashi, S., Usuda, K., Endo, C., Aikawa, H., Kondo, T. and Saito, Y. (1999) Five-Year Survivors with Resected pN2 Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancer, 85, 864-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990215)85:4<864::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-Q
[13]
Imai, R., Takenaka, Y., Yasui, T., Nakahara, S., Yamamoto, Y., Hanamoto, A., Takemoto, N., Fukusumi, T., Cho, H., Yamamoto, M. and Inohara, H. (2015) Prognostic Significance of Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 135, 295-301. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2014.951454
[14]
Kanda, M., Koike, M., Shimizu, D., Tanaka, C., Kobayashi, D., Hattori, N., Hayashi, M., Omae, K., Yamada, S., Nakayama, G. and Kodera, Y. (2020) Optimized Cutoff Value of Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Concentration Accurately Predicts Recurrence After Curative Resection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 27, 1233-1240. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07977-6
[15]
Kashiwabara, K., Nakamura, H. and Esaki, T. (2000) Prognosis in Bronchogenic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Groups Divided According to Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Related Antigen and Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Levels. Clinica Chimica Acta, 294, 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(99)00247-8
