动车组风笛发声仿真方法研究
Research on Simulation Method of EMU Air Whistle Sound

DOI: 10.12677/OJAV.2021.94017, PP. 166-178

Keywords: 膜片振动，流固耦合，风笛声场
Diaphragm Vibration, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Air Whistle Sound Field

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Abstract:

动车组风笛的鸣笛声是保证铁路安全高效运营的重要听觉信号。铁道行业标准对动车组风笛各项技术指标有严格规定，而动车组导流罩隔声会导致风笛外声场声压级降低。为保证风笛能够安全有效地传递信号，对风笛发声的进行准确地数值仿真显得十分重要。本研究根据风笛工作原理，采用流固耦合分析方法，对于高压气流激起膜片振动的过程进行模拟仿真，得到风笛出口处压力变化曲线。用有限元方法对风笛鸣笛声在外声场传播过程进行模拟仿真，研究预测风笛外声场的声压级分布。建立了风笛试验测试系统，测试得到在不同工作风压下规定测点产生的总声压级(A计权)和基频，测试结果与仿真结果吻合，验证了本研究仿真方法的准确性。
The sound of EMU air whistle is an important auditory signal to ensure safety and efficient operation of railway. The railway industry standards strictly stipulate various parameters of air whistle for locomotives and EMU, but sound insulation of shroud reduce the sound pressure level of external sound field. In order to ensure that air whistle can transmit signals safely and effectively, it is very important to accurately simulate the sounding process of it. Based on working principle of air whistle, Fluid-Structure-Interaction analysis method is used to simulate the process of diaphragm vibration produced by high-pressure air flow, and then the pressure change curve at the air whistle outlet is obtained. The propagation process of air whistle in external sound field is simulated by finite element method, and then the external sound field distribution is predicted. An air whistle test system is established to test the total sound pressure level (A-weight) and frequency of the air whistle under different working air pressures, which further verified the accuracy of the fluid-structure interaction and the external sound field simulation method.

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