Multicomponent Ore Mineralization in Ultrabasites of the Ospa-Kitoy Massif of the East Sayan Ophiolite Belt: Formational Parageneses and Origin (Diamond, Nephrite, Noble Metals, Chromium, Nickel)
It is shown that on a small (200 km2) massif area two extensive groups of metallic (Cr, Ni, Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ru, Os, Ir) and non-metallic (diamond, nephrite, jewelry and ornamental rodingites, chrysolite) types of minerals are spatially and genetically combined. They are grouped into 4 ore-forming types of polycomponent ores: diamond-gold-platinum-metal, chromium-nickel-platinum-metal, gold-platinum-metal and chrysolite-nephrite-rodingite. Ore-formational types form a minerogenic series—the product of a single ore-forming system. The paragenetic kinship between diamonds, chrysolite, nephrite, chromite and noble metals has been established. There are main genetic characteristics that ensure the formation uniqueness of the ore-forming system: 1) chariage-thrust control of ore mineralization and multilevel dynamometamorphic ore genesis with a mechanochemical mechanism of mineral formation. Ore-controlling thrusts are structures of shallow dipping that do not cover the entire lithosphere, but only a section of the earth’s crust; 2) carbon fluid, mainly of carbonyl form, which has subjected all types of the ophiolite complex rocks of the Ospa-Kitoy node to intensive transformation, has a crustal mechanochemical, not mantle origin; 3) a strong paragenetic (“hybrid”) petrological-mineral-geochemical relation occurring between minerals groups of metallic and non-metallic types is a consequence of the participation in the ore genesis processes of a large variety in different material composition of rocks petrotypes, representing a section of the Earth’s crust in the considered part of the East Sayan ophiolite belt.
References
[1]
[1]Alakshin, A.M. and Pismenny, B.M. (1988) On the Earth’s Crust Structure of the Siberian Platform Articulation Zone with a Folded Setting. Geology and Geophysics, 11, 24-31.
[2]
Letunov, S.P. (2010) Metallogenic Value of Polymictic Melange Zones in the Garga-Botogol Auriferous District. New and Unconventional Types of Baikal Region and Transbaikalia Mineral Deposits. In: Tatarinov, A.V., Ed., Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, EKOS, Ulan-Ude, 10-12 November 2010, 122-125.
[3]
Dobretsov, N.L., Konnikov, E.G., Medvedev, V.N. and Sklyarov, E.V. (1985) Ophiolites and Olistostromes of the Eastern Sayan. In: Dobretsov, N.L., Ed., Riphean-Lower Paleozoic Ophiolites of Northern Eurasia, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 34-58.
[4]
Dobretsov, N.L., Belichenko, V.G., Boos, R.G., et al. (1989) Geology and Ore Bearinf of the Eastern Sayan. Novosibirsk. Nauka, Siberian Branch, 127 p.
[5]
Grebenshchikova, V.I. (2004) Geochemistry of Phanerozoic Granitoid Batholiths of Eastern Siberia and Their Role in the Formation of Gold Mineralization. Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation, Institute of Geochemistry, SB RAS, Irkutsk, 40 p.
[6]
Dobretsov, N.L., Konnikov, E.G., Sklyarov, E.V., Medvedev, V.N. (1986) Marianite-Boninite Series and Evolution of the Eastern Sayan Ophiolite Magmatism. Geology and Geophysics, No. 12, 29-35.
[7]
Simonov, V.A., Dobretsov, N.L. and Buslov, M.M. (1994) Boninite Series in the Structures of the Paleoasiatic Ocean. Geology and Geophysics, 34, 182-197.
[8]
Simonov, V.A. (1993) Petrogenesis of Ophiolites (Thermobarometric Investigations). OIGGM SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 247 p.
[9]
Tatarinov, A.V., Kiziyarov, G.P., Zavyalova, L.L. and Brandt, S.B. (1980) Ore Minerals and Features of the Jadeitite Deposits Origin in Siberia Ultrabasites. Reports of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 250, 434-438.
[10]
Doronina, N.A., Osokin, P.V. and Skopintsev, V.G. (1998) Chromspinelids as the Geodynamic Setting Indicators of the Eastern Sayan Sedimentary and Nephrites Deposits Formation. Metallogeny, Oil and Gas Potential and Geodynamics of the North Asian Craton and Orogenic Belts of Its Setting. Materials of the II All-Russian Metallogenic Meeting, Irkutsk, 25-28 August 1998, 240-241.
[11]
Suturin, A.N. and Zamaletdinov, R.S. (1984) Nephrites. Nauka, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 150 p.
[12]
Orsoev, D.A., Tolstykh, N.D. and Kislov, E.V. (2001). PtCu3 Composition Mineral from Chromitites of the Ospa-Kitoy Hyperbasite Massif (Eastern Sayan). Notes of the All-Russian Mineralogical Society, 130, 61-71.
[13]
Letnikov, F.A., Savelyeva, V.B., Anikina (Danilova), Yu.V. and Smagunova, M.M. (1996) High-Carbon Tectonites—A New Type of Gold and Platinum Concentration. Reports of RAS, 347, 795-798.
[14]
Galimov, E.M., Mironov, A.G. and Zhmodik, S.M. (2000) The Carbonization Nature of the Eastern Sayan Highly Carbonized Rocks. Geochemistry, No. 4, 355-360.
[15]
Danilova, Yu.V. and Danilov, B.S. (2001) Carbonaceous Mineralization in the Ospa-Kitoy Massif Tectonites (Eastern Sayan, Russia). Geology of Ore Deposits, 43, 71-82.
[16]
Savelyeva, V.B., Danilova Yu.V., Markova, V.V. and Panteeva, S.V. (2004) High-Carbon Metasomatites Geochemistry of the Ospa-Kitoy Hyperbasite Massif (Eastern Sayan). Geology and Geophysics, 45, 1434-1440.
[17]
Zhmodik, S.M., Mironov, A.G., Agafonov, L.V. Zhmodik, A.S., Pavlov, A.L., Moroz, T.N., Airiyants, E.V., Kulikov, Yu.I., Borovikov, A.A., Ponomarchuk, V.A. and Damdinov, B.B. (2004) Carbonization of Eastern Sayan Hyperbasites and Gold-Palladium-Platinum Mineralization. Geology and Geophysics, 45, 228-243.
[18]
Kuzmichev, A.B. (2004) Tectonic History of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif: Early Baikal, Late Baikal and Early Caledonian Stages. Probel, Moscow, 182 p.
[19]
Tatarinov, A.V. and Yalovik, L.I. (2003) Material Composition Features of Rocks and Schlich-Mineralogical Complexes of the Olondino Greenstone Belt. Publishing House of the BNC SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, 108 p.
[20]
Makarychev, G.I. (1999) The Problem of the Pre-Riphean Paleocean in Central Asia (Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Northern China). In: Problems of Lithosphere Geodynamics. Proceedings of the GIN RAS, Issue 511, Nauka, Moscow, 125-143.
[21]
Alexandrov, I.A. and Avchenko, O.V. (2002) Comparative Thermobarometry of Metamorphic Complexes and Geodynamic Model of the Aldan and Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy Blocks Relationship (Aldan-Stanovoy Shield). Pacific Geology, 5, 3-14.
[22]
Fedchuk, V.Ya., Sokolovsky, A.K. and Korsakov, A.K. (2002) Evolution of the Continental Crust in the Early Precambrian (on the Example of the Karelian and Aldan-Stanovoy Regions Izvestiyavuzov. Geology and Exploration, 3, 3-9.
[23]
Shestopalov, M.F. (1938) Finds of Diamond-Bearing Rocks in the USSR. Proceedings of TSNILKS, No. 4, 68-83.
[24]
Shestopalov, M.F. (1938) The Kitoy Alps Ultramafic Massif of the Eastern Sayan and Related Deposits. Proceedings of TSNILKS, No. 4, 84-100.
[25]
Orlov, Yu.L. (1984) Mineralogy of Diamond. Nauka, Moscow, 264 p.
[26]
Halussler, P.J., Bradley, D., Goldfarb, R., Snee, L. and Taylor, C. (1995) Link between Ridge Subduction and Gold Mineralization in Southern Alaska. Geology, 23, 995-998. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0995:LBRSAG>2.3.CO;2
[27]
Nakagana, M. and Ohta, F. (1995) Preponderance of Ir-Os-Ru Alloys in Depleted Ophiolite. Hokkaido, Japan: A Window to the Mantle. Resource Geology, 18, 49-56.
[28]
Shmakin, B.M., Tatarinov, A.V., Zamaletdinov, R.S., Suturin, A.N. and Rogova, V.P. (1977) Mineralogy Issues and Prospects for the Eastern Siberia Gemstone Raw Materials Use. Notes of the All-Union Mineralogical Society, Part 106, 417-423.
[29]
Kolesnik, Yu.N. (1964) Mineralogy and Genesis of Siberian Nephrites. In: International Geological Congress: XXII Session. Reports of Soviet Geologists, Nauka, Moscow, 151-163.
[30]
Kolesnik, Yu.N. (1966) The Nephrites of Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 150 p.
[31]
Sekerin, A.P. (1979) Geological Structure Features, Petrology and Genesis of Nephrite Deposits of the Sayano-Baikal Mountain Region. Abstract of the Candidate Dissertation. Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Irkutsk, 17 p.
[32]
Letnikov, F.A. and Sekerin, A.P. (1983) Nephrite Composition and Genesis Features of the Sayano-Baikal Mountain Region. Mineralogy and Genesis of Eastern Siberia Gemstones. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 96-103.
[33]
Dobretsov, N.L. and Tatarinov, A.V. (1983) Jadeite and Nephrite in Ophiolites. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 126 p.
[34]
Prokhor, S.A. (1990) The Main Factors of Nephrite Formation and Geological Conditions for Nephrite-Bearing Ultrabasite Complexes Formation of the Eastern Sayan. Notes of the All-Union Mineralogical Society, Part 119, 33-45.
[35]
Sekerina, N.V. (1992) The Main Regularities of Nephrite Formation. Geology and Geophysics, No. 4, 38-44.
[36]
Burtseva, M.V., Ripp, G.S., Posokhov, V.F., Zyablitsev, A.Yu. and Murzintseva, A.E. (2015) Fluids Sources Forming Nephrite Rocks of the Southern Folded Setting of the Siberian Craton. Reports of the Academy of Sciences, 460, 324-328.
[37]
Tatarinov, A.V., Yalovik, L.I., Kanakin, S.V. and Zyablitsev, A.Yu. (2017) The First Nephrite Discovery with Platinum Group Accessory Minerals. Reports of the Academy of Sciences, 473, 201-204.
[38]
Goncharenko, A.I. and Chernyshov, A.I. (1990) Deformational Structure and Petrology of Nephrite-Bearing Hyperbasites. Publishing House of Tomsk University, Tomsk, 200 p.
[39]
Glazunov, O.M. (1967) Chromites Composition and Genesis of the Ilchir Belt. Materials for the Geological Conference Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Soviet State and the 10th Anniversary of the Buryat Geological Department, Ulan-Ude, 312-313.
[40]
Glazunov, O.M. (1981) Gabbroids and Hyperbasites Geochemistry and Ore Bearing. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 192 p.
[41]
Savelyev, D.V., Snachev, V.I., Bazhin, E.A. and Savelyeva, E.A. (2008) The Role of Mantle Ultrabasites Inhomogeneous Deformation in the Genesis of Chromite Mineralization. Problems of Mineralogy, Petrography and Metallogeny. Collection of Scientific Articles, Perm State University, Perm, No. 11, 200-206.
[42]
Zhmodik, S.M., Mironov, A.G. and Zhmodik, A.S. (2008) Gold-Concentrating Systems of Ophiolite Belts (on the Example of the Sayano-Baikal-Muya Belt). Academic Publishing House “GEO”, Novosibirsk, 304 p.
[43]
Kiseleva, O.N. (2014) Chromitites and Platinum-Metal Mineralization in Ophiolites of the South-Eastern Part of the Eastern Sayan (Ospa-Kitoy and Kharanor Massifs). Abstract of the Candidate Dissertation. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 15 p.
[44]
Damdinov, B.B. (2018) Types of Noble metal Mineralization of the South-Eastern Part of the Eastern Sayan: Composition, Formation Conditions and Genesis. Abstract of the Doctoral Dissertation. Geological Institute, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, 52 p.
[45]
Tatarinov, A.V., Sklyarov, E.V., Khaltueva, V.K. and Nesmelov, G.G. (1984) Jewelry and Ornamental Rodingites. Petrology and Mineralogy of Siberian Basites, Nauka, Moscow, 10-18.
[46]
Afanasyev, V.P. (2011) On the Diamonds Classification According to Yu.L.Orlov and the Scope of Their Applicability. Notes of the Russian Mineralogical Society, Part 2, No. 1, 130-135.
[47]
Garanin, V.K. (2010) Polygenicity of Natural Diamond Formation. Fundamental Problems of Mineral Deposits Geology and Metallogeny. In: Lavrenev, N.P., Ed., International Scientific Conference. Collection of Works, Vol. 2, MAX Press, Moscow, 157-189.
[48]
Trofimov, V.S. (1939) Canadian Type of Indigenous Diamond Deposits and Prospects for Its Detection. Exploration of the Mineral Resources, 7, 17-22.
[49]
Rudashevsky, I.S. (1989) Platinoids in Rocks of Ultramafic Formations (Mineralogy and Genesis). Abstract of the Doctoral Dissertation, Leningrad Mining Institute, Leningrad, 41 p.
[50]
Semenov, I.N. and Ovchinnikov, K.V. (1972) “Unexpected” Inorganic Compounds. Publishing House “Chemistry”, Leningrad, 12 p.
[51]
Syrkin, V.G. and Babin, V.N. (1986) Gas Grows Metals. Nauka, Moscow, 190 p.
Yakshin, I.S. and Zamaletdinov, R.S. (1971) Composition and Structure of the Eastern Sayan Nephrites. Siberia Geology, Tomsk, 220-221.
[54]
Tatarinov, A.V. (1994) Gemstone Formations and the Genesis of Siberia Colored Stones. Doctoral Dissertation in the Form of a Scientific Report, Joint Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 54 p.
[55]
Yurkova, R.M. and Voronin, B.I. (2008) Inclusions of Hydrogen and Methane in Serpentinites of the Ophiolite Association. Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on Thermobarogeochemistry and the IV Symposium AP/FIS.T.1, Sverdlovsk, May 2012, 237-239.
Tatarinov, A.V. (2002) Geological Prerequisites for Forecasting Deposits of Colored Stones in the Dunite-Harzburgite Formation. Exploration and Protection of the Mineral Resources, 10, 8-10.
[58]
Chersky, N.V. and Tsarev, V.P. (1984) Mechanisms of Hydrocarbons Synthesis from Inorganic Compounds in the Upper Horizons of the Earth’s Crust. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 279, 730-735.
[59]
Buslaeva, E.Yu. and Novgorodova, M.I. (1989) Organoelement Compounds in the Problem of the Ore Matter Migration. Nauka, Moscow, 152 p.
[60]
Tatarinov, A.V., Yalovik, L.I., Mironov, A.G. and Posokhov, V.F. (2020) Mykert-Sanzheevka Field of Polycomponent Ores (Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, PGE): Geologic-Substance Characteristics and Formation Features of Ore-Forming System. Geomaterials, 10, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.4236/gm.2020.101001
