Chinese traditional medicine Danshen is the
radix of the perennial herbs of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has a
variety of pharmacological effects and is traditionally and extensively applied
clinically to treat cardiovascular disorders. In this research, the genomic
genes for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) of 38 cultivated populations
of Danshen in China were cloned and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to reveal its
genetic diversity and phylogeny. The full-length SmTAT was 2296-2444 bp including 6 exons (encoding 411 amino acids)
and 5 introns. Overall, the SmTAT genes in cultivated Danshen populations are highly conserved with a relative low level of genetic diversity. The spliced
exons (1236 bp) had 23 SNP variations with a rate of 1.86%, of which 22
occurred in the white flower S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba population
(W-SCHY-W-1) and led to 5 amino acid variations. The entire 290 SNP variations
with a rate of 24% in the 5 introns occurred exclusively in W-SCHY-W-1.
Phylogenetic trees based on the full-length,combined introns, the
spliced exons, and the deduced amino acid sequences of SmTAT all showed
a two-clade
References
[1]
Zhou, L.M., Zuo, Z. and Chow, M.S.S. (2005) Danshen: An Overview of Its Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinic Use. The Journal of Clinic Pharmacology, 45, 1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270005282630
[2]
Jiao, P., Chang, Q., Yang, M.F., Zhang, F., Zhao, X.M. and Xia, Z.L. (2007) Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba Root Preparation on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15, 820-823.
[3]
Chen, F.Y., Guo, R. and Zhang, B.K. (2015) [Advances in Cardiovascular Effects of Tanshinone II (A)]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 40, 1649-1653.
[4]
Maione, F. and Mascolo, N. (2016) Danshen and the Cardiovascular System: New Advances for an Old Remedy. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 42, 321-322. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1580086
[5]
Cao, H.M., Wu, J., Jia, L.Q. and Yang, G.L. (2017) Progress in Study of Tanshinone ⅡA’s Pharmacological Effects on Cardiovascular System. World Chinese Medicine, 12, 1718-1722.
[6]
Zhao, S.J., Hu, Z.B., Liu, D. and Leung, F.C.C. (2006) Two Divergent Members of 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge: cDNA Cloning and Functional Study. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48, 1355-1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00302.x
[7]
Xiao, Y., Di, P., Chen, J.F., Liu, Y., Chen, W.S. and Zhang, L. (2009) Characterization and Expression Profiling of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Gene (Smhppd) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures. Molecular Biology Reports, 36, 2019-2029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9413-2
[8]
Huang, B., Duan, Y., Yi, B., Sun, L., Lu, B., Yu, X., Sun, H., Zhang, H. and Chen, W. (2008) Characterization and Expression Profiling of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase Gene from S. miltiorrhiza in Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 55, Article No. 390. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443708030163
[9]
Huang, B., Yi, B., Duan, Y., Sun, L., Yu, X., Guo, J. and Chen, W. (2008) Characterization and Expression Profiling of Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene from S. miltiorrhiza (Dan-shen) in Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway. Molecular Biology Reports, 35, 601-612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-007-9130-2
[10]
Liao, P., Zhou, W., Zhang, L., Wang, J., Yan, X.M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Li, L., Zhou, G.Y. and Kai, G.Y. (2009) Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression Analysis of a New Gene Encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase from S. miltiorrhiza. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31, 565-572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0266-z
[11]
Song, J. and Wang, Z. (2009) Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene (SmPAL1) from S. miltiorrhiza. Molecular Biology Reports, 36, Article No. 939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9266-8
[12]
Trócsányi, E., György, Z. and Zámboriné-Németh, é. (2020) New Insights into Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthesis Based on Molecular Studies. Current Plant Biology, 23, Article ID: 100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100162
[13]
Xu, J.J., Fang, X., Li, C.Y., Yang, L. and Chen, X.Y. (2019) General and Specialized Tyrosine Metabolism Pathways in Plants. aBIOTECH, 1, 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-019-00006-w
[14]
Nakamura, Y., Sato, S., Kaneko, T., Kotani, H., Asamizu, E., Miyajima, N. and Tabata, S. (1997) Structural Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 5. III. Sequence Features of the Regions of 1,191,918 bp Covered by Seventeen Physically Assigned P1 Clones. DNA Research, 4, 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/4.6.401
[15]
Xiao, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, S.H., Saechao, S.K., Di, P., Chen, J.F. and Chen, W.S. (2011) The c4h, tat, hppr and hppd Genes Prompted Engineering of Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway in S. miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures. PLoS ONE, 6, e29713. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029713
[16]
Li, Z.T., Yang, B.J. and Ma, G.E. (1991) Chemical Studies of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 26, 209-213.
[17]
Qi, Y.X., Yang, Z.X., Li, K., Cao, M.L. and Gao, Y.S. (2004) Determination and Comparison of Trace Elements in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Journal Taishan Medical College, 25, 589-590.
[18]
Hao, G.P., Bian, G.P. and Zhang, Y.Y. (2006) Isolation of High-Quality Genomic DNA from Dried Leaves of Taishan S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba. Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs, 30, 855-857.
[19]
Hang, L., Wang, J.R., Yang, D.F., Shu, Z.M. and Liang, Z.S. (2008) Distribution Traits of Bioactives in different Parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.f.alba. Journal of Northwest A & F University, 36, 217-222.
[20]
Zhang, Q., Sun, Y., Bo, B. and Hao, H. (2010) Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f. alba on Neuronal Regeneration following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. Neural Regeneration Research, 5, 1066-1077.
