银杏叶提取物对急性高原反应的预防效果比较研究
A Comparative Study on Preventive Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Acute Altitude Sickness

目的：比较银杏叶提取物与不同预防高原反应药物对急进高原人群高原反应的预防效果及区别，筛选出更有效的预防高原反应的药物。方法：选取急进高原人群300人，随机分为三组：银杏叶提取物组(n = 100)、红景天组(n = 100)和丹参滴丸组(n = 100)，分别于急进高原前3天按说明服用上述三种药品，记录脉搏、血压、心率、SaO2等指标，采用急性高原反应评定量表评价急进高原前后2周内的高原反应情况。结果：与丹参滴丸比较，银杏叶提取物及红景天对急进高原人群疲乏无力、头痛、头晕、睡眠障碍、嗜睡、倦怠、血压升高、血氧饱和度降低等有明显效果，存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。与红景天比较，银杏叶提取物对急进高原人群上述指标有降低的趋势，但无明显统计学意义(P > 0.05)；银杏叶提取物组与红景天组比较在第6天时出现头痛的比例有显著降低(8.9% vs 19.8%，P < 0.05)。结论：银杏叶提取物及红景天对急进高原人群疲乏无力、头痛、头晕、睡眠障碍、嗜睡、倦怠、血压升高、血氧饱和度降低等有明显效果，银杏叶提取物对预防急进高原人群头痛的发生较红景天有效，银杏叶提取物与红景天在预防急进高原反应中的优劣尚待进一步研究。
Objective: To compare the preventive effects and differences between Ginkgo biloba extract and dif-ferent drugs for the prevention of altitude sickness in people rushing into the plateau, and screen out more effective drugs for the prevention of altitude sickness. Methods: Three hundred people were randomly divided into three groups: Ginkgo biloba extract group (n = 100), Rhodiola group (n = 100) and Danshen dripping pill group (n = 100). The above three drugs were taken according to the instructions three days before entering the plateau. The indexes of pulse, blood pressure, heart rate and SaO2 were recorded. The incidence of altitude sickness was evaluated by the acute high al-titude sickness rating scale within 2 weeks after entering the high altitude. Results: Compared with Danshen dripping pill, Ginkgo biloba extract and Rhodiola had significant effects on fatigue, head-ache, dizziness, sleep disorder, drowsiness, burnout, increased blood pressure and decreased blood oxygen saturation of people who entered the plateau rapidly (P < 0.05); compared with Rhodiola, Ginkgo biloba extract had a tendency to reduce the above indexes of people who entered the plateau rapidly, but there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The proportion of headache in Ginkgo biloba extract group was significantly lower than that in Rhodiola group on the 6th day (8.9% vs 19.8%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract and Rhodiola have obvious effects on fatigue, headache, dizziness, sleep disorders, drowsiness, burnout, increased blood pressure, decreased blood oxygen saturation, etc. Ginkgo biloba extract is more effective than Rhodiola in preventing headaches in people who rush to the plateau. The advantages and disadvantages of Ginkgo biloba extract and Rhodiola in the prevention of acute altitude sickness need to be further studied.