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Bioprocess  2022 

贵州省食用玫瑰叶斑病病原菌鉴定及其防治
Pathogens Identification and Control of Edible Roses Leaf Spot Diseases in Guizhou

DOI: 10.12677/BP.2022.122008, PP. 63-80

Keywords: 食用玫瑰,黑斑病,炭疽病,生物防治,田间防治,药剂筛选
Edible Roses
, Leaf Black Spot, Anthracnose, Biological Control, Field Control, Fungicide Screening

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Abstract:

为了明确贵州省植物园和黔南州惠水县的墨红月季上叶斑病的病原菌种类,采集月季叶斑病的病样,采用单孢分离法和致病性测定,结合依据形态学结合ITS、GADPHACTCHS-1等多基因序列分析,确定其病原菌分类地位;在此基础上,通过平板稀释和平板对峙法,结合生理生化实验和16S rRNAgyrA多基因序列分析,筛选和鉴定对月季炭疽病有拮抗作用的拮抗细菌;结合菌丝生长速率法筛月季叶斑病选防治效果较好的化学药剂;选用商品化微生物制剂绿康威、12%腈菌·三唑酮EC + 65%代森锌、64%杀毒矾及生防菌GUHS97进行田间防效实验。结果表明:1) 黑斑病病原菌为蔷薇盘二孢(Marssinina rosae),炭疽病病原菌博宁炭疽菌(Colletotrichum boninense);2) 筛选到1株叶际有益芽胞杆菌GUHS97,鉴定该菌为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);3) 通过室内药剂筛选,3%中生菌素WP、10% 苯醚甲环唑WDG、25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和10%精甲·咯菌腈SC抑制效果最好,EC50值分别为0.8440 mg?L?1、1.3854 mg?L?1、1.8667 mg?L?1和3.5945 mg?L?1,其次为8%宁南霉素AS和25%溴菌腈EC,EC50值分别为18.9624 mg?L?1和25.4813 mg?L?1;将25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和25%溴菌腈EC以1:7、1:8、和1:10比例复配,对月季炭疽病菌具有更强的抑制作用,表现出明显的增效作用;通过田间小区实验表明,GUHS97对黑斑病的相对防效为59.12%,防病效果良好且明显优于化学药剂。以上研究结果为食用月季叶部病害的识别和生物、化学防治提供科学依据。
In order to identify the pathogenic species of edible roses leaf spot diseases in Guizhou Botanical Garden and Huishui County, Guizhou Province, China, the samples of leaf spot diseases were collected. By using single spore isolation method and pathogenicity determination, combined with morphological analysis combined with ITS,
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