一例天津源患螺原体病中华绒螯蟹主要组织病理分析
Histopathological Observation of Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis Infected by Spiroplasma eriocheiris from Tianjin District

应用组织病理学方法对天津地区首例患螺原体病中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)眼柄视神经节、肝胰腺、胸腹神经团、肌、心脏、肠及鳃组织进行病理分析。结果显示，病蟹对外界刺激不敏感，附肢环爪状紧缩，呈间歇性痉挛状抖动；表明患病蟹主要组织器官发生不同程度病理变化，主要表现为：眼柄视神经节整体结构界限不清，神经细胞间隙扩大，部分细胞空泡化，受损严重；鳃组织细胞广泛变性，鳃叶腔扩张，鳃叶间隙可见较多小瓜虫寄生；肝胰腺组织细胞水肿、变性，小管间隙被血淋巴浸润；肠组织除部分基膜坏死及血淋巴浸润外，组织结构基本正常；肌组织纤维排列紊乱，部分肌纤维肿胀、溶解、坏死，纤维间隙较大；胸腹神经团大部分神经细胞空泡变性，细胞核崩解；心脏组织部分心肌纤维浊肿，横纹消失、坏死；其中，鳃叶腔、肝胰腺小管间隙、肌结缔组织、胸腹神经团中疏松结缔组织以及心肌纤维间结缔组织均被嗜酸性菌体浸润。综上所述，眼柄视神经节、鳃、肝胰腺、肌、胸腹神经团、心脏组织可能是病原体侵染中华绒螯蟹的主要组织器官，导致以上组织器官发生严重组织病变，使得机体进行正常新陈代谢能力降低，最终因病原体侵染以上组织而导致组织器官功能衰竭可能是病蟹死亡的主要原因。
Histopathological methods was used to analysis the histopathological changes in major tissues of Chinese mitten crab, including eyestalk optic ganglia, hepatopancreas, thoracic ganglion mass, muscle, heart, intestinal and gill, which was first reported to be infected by Spiroplasma eriocheiris in Tianjin district. Results showed that the diseased crabs were insensitive to external stimuli, the appendages were tightened around and intermittently appendage shaking; there were different degrees of pathological characteristics on those tissues, which were mainly performance as follows. The boundary of the overall structure on the eyestalk optic ganglia was not clearly defined, the gap of nerve cell enlarged, some cells vacuolarized, and seriously damaged; the gill tissue was extensively denatured, the gill cavity dilated, some ichthyophthirius were seen in the space of gill lamellae; hepatospanic cells were edematous and degenerated, the tubular space was infiltrated by hemolymphalysis; the intestinal was basical normal except for partial basal membrane necrosis and hemolymphic lymph infiltration; the myofiber was arranged in disorder, and part was swollen, dissolved, and necrotic, the gap of fiber was larger; most of the nerve cells became vacuole degenerate in thoracic ganglion mass, the nuclei disintegrated; part of the fibers was opathic in heart, the striations disappeared. Above all, the gill cavity, the tubular space, the connective tissue of muscle, the loose connective tissue of thoracic ganglion mass and the connective tissue between myocardial fibers were infiltrated with eosinophilic bacteria. This study confirms that the above seven damaged tissues were supposed to be the major target organs, causing serious pathological changed, and organism metabolism capacity decreased, which could be the major reason of the disease and the death of Eriocheir sinensis.