The safety of beta-glucans, including undenatured beta-glucan (UDBG), has been exhaustively studied over the recent past and has shown to be safe and efficacious in rodents as well as in humans with less than optimal immune systems. As such, we sought to find the effect of UDBG on certainly stressed crustaceans and fish. The survival of shrimp larvae fed the UDBG and other diets was measured on day 16. The diet containing 11.7% UDBG reduced larvae mortality by 18%; which is almost twice as much as the mortality reduced by the MacroGard diet, and up to 19.5% less than a standard Commercial Diet. In an effort to understand how UDBG protects against stressed marine life, UDBG was given to LPS-challenged trout. The UDBG positively influenced the level of transcription of several genes relevant to the immune system and overall health of the trout. The experimental findings indicated that UDBG: 1) modifies inflammatory responses, 2) makes responses more flexible and versatile, 3) protects from cellular stress, and 4) enhances “effector” mechanisms. Importantly, there was no evidence of immune system over-activity.
References
[1]
Cozens, D.D., Hughes, E.W., Clark, R. and Offer, J.M. (1981) The Effect of Lentinan on the in Utero Embryonic and Foetal Development of the Rat and on Postnatal Development of the F1 Offspring. Toxicology Letters, 9, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90177-6
[2]
Cozens, D.D., Hughes, E.W., Clark, R. and Offer, J.M. (1981) The Effect of Lentinan on the in Utero Embryonic and Foetal Development of the Rat and on Postnatal Development of the F1 Offspring. Toxicology Letters, 9, 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90178-8
[3]
Gjertsen, B. (2006) Evaluation of Lentinex® Toxicity in Healthy BN Rats. Institute of Medicine, Haematology Section, University of Bergen and Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
[4]
Kristiansen, B. (2009) Immune Modulating Compounds from Fungi. US Patent No. 7514085-B2.
[5]
Kristiansen, B. and David, W. (2007) Production of Fungal Extracellular Immune Stimulating Compounds. US Patent No. WO-03020944-A2.
[6]
Kristiansen, B. and Amen, R.J. (2021) Safety and Efficacy Studies on Administration of Undenatured Beta Glucan in Experimental Animals. Nutrition and Food Toxicology, 4, 24-29.
[7]
Kristiansen, B. and Amen, R.J. (2022) Absorption, Dosing, and Effect of a Mushroom Derived Undenatured Tertiary Structured Beta-Glucan on Human Cytokines and Chemokines. Under Publication Review, GlycaNova A.S.
[8]
Kristiansen, B. and Amen, R.J. (2022) Safety and Efficacy of a Proprietary Undenatured Beta-Glucan on Different Human Populations. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 12, 16-28. https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.121002
[9]
Aksnes, A. and Paranagama, A. (2006) The Effect of Undenatured Beta-Glucan (LentiGuard) on Survival and Stress of Larvae and Post-Larvae Shrimp (P. monodon). Aqua Hatcheries Lanka (Pvt.) Ltd., Pulichchakulama.
