全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
投递稿件

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Superposing the Magnetic Spiral Structure of the Milky Way, on the Stellar Spiral Arms—Matching the Unique Galactic Magnetic Field Reversal Zone with Two Galactic Spiral Arm Segments

DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2022.124017, PP. 281-300

Keywords: Astrophysics, Galaxy, Milky Way, Spiral Arms, Symmetries

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

To pinpoint the peak location of the synchrotron total intensity emission in a spiral arm, we use a map of the spiralarm locations (from the observed arm tangent). Thus in a typical spiral arm in Galactic Quadrant I, we find the peak of the synchrotron radiation to be located about 220 ± 40 pc away from the inner arm edge (hot dust lane) inside the spiral arm. While most of the galactic disk has a clockwise large-scale magnetic field, we make a statistical analysis to delimitate more precisely the smaller reverse annulus with a counterclockwise galactic magnetic field. We find an annulus width of 2.1 ± 0.3 kpc (measured along the Galactic radius), located from 5.5 to 7.6 kpc from the Galactic Center). The annulus does not overlay with a single spiral arm—it encompasses segments of two different spiral arms. Using a recent delineation of the position of spiral arms, the field-reversed annulus is seen to encompass the Crux-Centaurus arm (in Galactic Quadrant IV) and the Sagittarius arm (in Galactic Quadrant I). Thus the full Sagittarius-Carina arm is composed of: 1) a Sagittarius arm (in Galactic quadrant I) with a counterclockwise magnetic field, and 2) a Carina arm (in Galactic Quadrant IV) with a clockwise magnetic field. Also the full Scutum-Crux-Centaurus arm is composed of: 1) a Scutum arm (in Galactic Quadrant I) with a clockwise magnetic field, and 2) a Crux-Centaurus arm (in Galactic Quadrant IV) with a counterclockwise magnetic field. Arm segments do not all have the same magnetic field direction. For completeness, we display 6 known magnetised advancing supershells around the Sun (within 400 pc), pushing out the interstellar magnetic field.

 References

[1]  Vallée, J.P. (2022) Catalog of Spiral Arm Tangents (Galactic Longitudes) in the Milky Way. New Astronomy, 97, Article ID: 101896.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2022.101896
[2]  Vallée, J.P. (2016) A Substructure Inside Spiral Arms, and a Mirror Image across the Galactic Meridian. The Astrophysical Journal, 821, Article No. 53.
https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/53
[3]  Vallée, J.P. (2021) Arm Tangents and the Spiral Structure of the Milky Way—The Age Gradient. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11, 445-457.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2021.114022
[4]  Vallée, J.P. (2022) The Observed Age Gradient in the Milky Way—As a Test for Theories of Spiral Arm Structure. Astrophysics and Space Science, 367, Article No. 26.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-022-04057-2
[5]  Drimmel, R. and Poggo, E. (2018) On the Solar Velocity. Research Notes of the AAS, 2, Article No. 10.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aaef8b
[6]  Roberts, W.W. (1975) Theoretical Aspects of Galactic Research. Vistas in Astronomy, 19, 91-109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(75)90008-2
[7]  Vallée, J.P. (2017) A Guided Map to the Spiral Arms in the Galactic Disk of the Milky Way. Astronomical Review, 13, 113-146.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21672857.2017.1379459
[8]  Abuter, R., Amorim, A., et al. (2019) A Geometric Distance Measurement to the Galactic Center Black Hole with 0.3% Uncertainty. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 625, Article No. L10.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935656
[9]  Vallée, J.P. (2008) New Velocimetry and Revised Cartography of the Spiral Arms in the Milky Way—A Consistent Symbiosis. The Astrophysical Journal, 135, 1301-1310.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1301
[10]  Vallée, J.P. (2015) Different Studies of the Global Pitch Angle of the Milky Way’s Spiral Arms. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 450, 4277-4284.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv862
[11]  Vallée, J.P. (2017) The Norma Spiral Arm: Large-Scale Pitch Angle. Astrophysics and Space Science, 362, Article No. 173.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3145-5
[12]  Lin, C.C. and Shu, F.H. (1964) On the Spiral Structure of Disk Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 140, 646-655.
https://doi.org/10.1086/147955
[13]  Chiba, M. and Tosa, M. (1990) Swing Excitation of Galactic Magnetic Fields Induced by Spiral Density Waves. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 244, 714-726.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0569-6_38
[14]  Haverkorn, M. (2015) Magnetic Fields in the Milky Way. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 407, 483-506.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44625-6_17
[15]  Shukurov, A. (2002) On the Origin of Galactic Magnetic Fields. Astrophysics and Space Science, 281, 285-288.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_56
[16]  Van Eck, C.L., Brown, J.C., Shukurov, A., et al. (2015) Magnetic Fields in a Sample of Nearby Spiral Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 799, Article No. 35.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/35
[17]  Kronberg, P.P. and Newton-McGee, K.J. (2011) Remarkable Symmetries in the Milky Way Disk’s Magnetic Field. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 28, 171-176.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AS10045
[18]  Pelgrims, V., Macias-Perez, J. and Ruppin, F. (2021) Galactic Magnetic Field Reconstruction Using the Polarized Diffuse Galactic Emission: Formalism and Application to Planck Data. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 652, Article No. A130.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833962
[19]  Van Eck, C.L. Brown, J.C., Ordog, A., et al. (2021) Revisiting Rotation Measures from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey: The Magnetic Field in the Disk of the Outer Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 253, Article No. 48.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abe389
[20]  Vallée, J.P. (2017) On the Many ‘3-Kiloparsec Arms’—Shocked Wave and Nuclear Rotation. Astrophysics and Space Science, 362, Article No. 84.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3065-4
[21]  Vallée, J.P. (2016) The Start of the Sagittarius Spiral Arm (Sagittarius Origin) and the Start of the Norma Spiral Arm (Norma Origin): Model Computed and Observed Arm Tangents at Galactic Longitudes: -20° < l < +23°. The Astrophysical Journal, 151, Article No. 55.
https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/151/3/55
[22]  Mao, S., Gaensler, B., Haverkorn, M., et al. (2010) A Survey of Extragalactic Faraday Rotation at High Galactic Latitude: The Vertical Magnetic Field of the Milky Way toward the Galactic Poles. The Astrophysical Journal, 714, 1170-1186.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1170
[23]  Xu, J. and Han, J.L. (2019) Magnetic Fields in the Solar Vicinity and in the Galactic Halo. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 486, 4275-4289.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1060
[24]  Van Eck, C.L., Brown, J.C., Stil, J.M., et al. (2011) Modelling the Magnetic Field in the Galactic Disk Using New Rotation Measure Observations from the Very Large Array. The Astrophysical Journal, 728, Article No. 97.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/97
[25]  Vallée, J.P. (2014) The Spiral Arms of the Milky Way: The Relative Location of Each Different Arm Tracer, within a Typical Spiral Arm Width. The Astrophysical Journal, 148, Article No. 5.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/148/1/5
[26]  Beuermann, K., Kanback, G. and Berhhuijsen, E.M. (1985) Radio Structure of the Galaxy: Thick Disk and Thin Disk at 408 MHz. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 153, 17-34.
[27]  Shanahan, R., Lemmer, S.J., Stil, J.M., Beuther, H., et al. (2019) Strong Excess Faraday Rotation on the Inside of the Sagittarius Spiral Arm. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 887, Article No. L7.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab58d4
[28]  Vallée, J.P. (2011) Magnetic Fields in the Galactic Universe, as Observed in Supershells, Galaxies, Intergalactic and Cosmic Realms. New Astronomy Reviews, 55, 91-154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2011.01.002
[29]  Thompson, R. and Nelson, A. (1980) The Interpretation of Pulsar Rotation Measures and the Magnetic Field of the Galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 191, 863-870.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/191.4.863
[30]  Simard-Normandin, M. and Kronberg, P. (1980) Rotation Measures and the Galactic Magnetic Field. The Astrophysical Journal, 242, 74-94.
https://doi.org/10.1086/158445
[31]  Rand, R. and Kulkarni, S. (1989) The Local Galactic Magnetic Field. The Astrophysical Journal, 343, 760-772.
https://doi.org/10.1086/167747
[32]  Vallée, J.P. (1991) Reversing the Axisymmetric (m=0) Magnetic Fields in the Milky Way. The Astrophysical Journal, 366, 450-454.
https://doi.org/10.1086/169579
[33]  Rand, R. and Lyne, A. (1994) New Rotation Measures of Distant Pulsars in the Inner Galaxy and Magnetic Field Reversals. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 268, 497-505.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/268.2.497
[34]  Brown, J.C., Haverkorn, M., Gaensler, B., et al. (2007) Rotation Measures of Extragalactic Sources behind the Southern Galactic Plane: New Insights into the Large-Scale Magnetic Field of the Inner Milky Way. The Astrophysical Journal, 663, 258-266.
https://doi.org/10.1086/518499
[35]  Andreasyan, R., Mikhailov, E. and Andreasyan, H. (2020) Structure and Features of the Galactic Magnetic Field Reversals Formation. Astronomy Reports, 64, 189-198.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772920030014
[36]  Taylor, J.H. and Cordes, J.M. (1993) Pulsar Distances and the Galactic Distribution of Free Electrons. The Astrophysical Journal, 411, Article No. 674.
https://doi.org/10.1086/172870
[37]  Cordes, J.M. and Lazio, T.J. (2002) NE2001. I. A New Model for the Galactic Distribution of Free Electrons and Its Fluctuations. arXiv:astro-ph/0207156.
[38]  Cordes, J.M. and Lazio, T.J. (2003) NE2001. II. Using Radio Propagation Data to Construct a Model for the Galactic Distribution of Free Electrons. arXiv:astro-ph/0301598.
[39]  Yao, J.M., Manchester, R.N. and Wang, N. (2017) A New Electron-Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances. The Astrophysical Journal, 835, Article No. 29.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/29
[40]  Georgelin, Y.M. and Georgelin, Y.P. (1976) The Spiral Structure of Our Galaxy Determined from HII Regions. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 49, 57-79.
[41]  Ordog, A., Brown, J.C., et al. (2017) Three-Dimensional Structure of the Magnetic Field in the Disk of the Milky Way. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 603, Article No. A15.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730740
[42]  Sun, X.-H., Reich, W., Waelkens, A. and Ensslin, T. (2008) Radio Observational Constraints on Galactic 3D-Emission Models. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 477, 573-592.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078671
[43]  Vallée, J.P. (2008) An Improved Magnetic Map of the Milky Way, with the Circularly Orbiting Gas and Magnetic Field Lines Crossing the Dusty Stellar Spiral Arms. The Astrophysical Journal, 681, 303-310.
https://doi.org/10.1086/588577
[44]  Vallée, J.P., Simard-Normandin, M. and Bignell, R.C. (1988) Excess Rotation Measure and Large Scale Magnetic Field in the Scutum Spiral Arm of Our Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal, 331, 321-324.
https://doi.org/10.1086/166556
[45]  Reissl, S., Stil, J.M., Chen, E., Tress, R.G., Sormani, M.C., et al. (2020) Synthetic Observations of Spiral Arm Tracers of a Simulated Milky Way Analog. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 642, Article No. A201.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037690
[46]  Ma, Y.K., Mao, S.A., Ordog, A. and Brown, J.C. (2020) The Complex Large-Scale Magnetic Fields in the First Galactic Quadrant as Revealed by the Faraday Depth Profile Disparity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 497, 3097-3117.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2105
[47]  Han, J.L. Manchester, R.N., Lyne, A.G., et al. (2006) Pulsar Rotation Measures and the Large-Scale Structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field. The Astrophysical Journal, 642, 868-881.
https://doi.org/10.1086/501444
[48]  Han, J.L. (2017) Observing Interstellar and Intergalactic Magnetic Fields. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 55, 111-157.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091916-055221
[49]  Ruzmaikin, A.A., Sokoloff, D.D. and Shukurov, A.M. (1985) Magnetic Field Distribution in Spiral Galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 148, 335-343.
[50]  Poezd, A., Shukurov, A. and Sokoloff, D. (1993) Global Magnetic Patterns in the Milky Way and the Andromeda Nebula. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 264, 285-297.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/264.2.285
[51]  Moss, D., Stepanov, R., Arshaktan, T., Beck, R., et al. (2012) Multiscale Magnetic Fields in Spiral Galaxies: Evolution and Reversals. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 537, Article No. A68.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118122
[52]  Moss, D. and Sokoloff, D. (2013) Magnetic Field Reversals and Galactic Dynamos. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 107, 497-505.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03091929.2012.732575
[53]  Dobbs, C., Price, D, et al. (2016) Magnetic Field Evolution and Reversals in Spiral Galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 461, 4482-4495.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1625
[54]  Shukurov, A., Rodrigues, L., Bushby, P., et al. (2019) A Physical Approach to Modelling Large-Scale Galactic Magnetic Fields. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 623, Article No. A113.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834642
[55]  Mikhailov, E. and Khasaeva, T. (2019) Evolution of the Magnetic Field Reversals in Galaxies. Bulgarian Astronomical Journal, 31, 39-50.
[56]  Vallée, J.P. (2018) Meta-Analysis from Different Tracers of the Small Local Arm around the Sun—Extent, Shape, Pitch, Origin. Astrophysics and Space Science, 363, Article No. 243.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3463-2
[57]  Vallée, J.P. (2020) Interarm Islands in the Milky Way—The One Near the Cygnus Spiral Arm. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 494, 1134-1142.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa758
[58]  Vallée, J.P. (1973) A Study of the Linear Polarisation of Radio Galaxies and Quasars. University of Toronto, Toronto, 1-341.
[59]  Vallée, J.P. and Kronberg, P.P. (1973) Magnetic Field in the Galactic Spiral Arm. Nature Physical Science, 246, 49-51.
https://doi.org/10.1038/physci246049a0
[60]  Vallée, J.P. (1984) Effects of Interstellar Magnetic Bubbles and of Galactic Tides on Galactic Magnetic Fields. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 136, 373-377.
[61]  Vallée, J.P. (1993) Interstellar Magnetic Bubbles. The Astrophysical Journal, 419, 670-673.
https://doi.org/10.1086/173517
[62]  Vallée, J.P. (1993) Fast Galactic Dynamos and Interstellar Magnetic Bubbles. Astrophysics and Space Science, 207, 109-117.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659134
[63]  Broten, N., MacLeod, J. and Vallée, J.P. (1985) An Observational Trend for Large (100-300 pc) Interstellar Magnetic (1-10 μGauss) Bubbles. Astrophysical Letters, 24, 165-171.
[64]  Heiles, C. (1996) The Local Direction and Curvature of the Galactic Magnetic Field Derived from Starlight Polarization. The Astrophysical Journal, 462, 316-325.
https://doi.org/10.1086/177153
[65]  Uyaniker, B., Furst, E., Reich, W., et al. (2001) The Cygnus Superbubble Revisited. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 371, 675-697.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20010387
[66]  Thomson, A., Landecker, T., McClure-Griffiths, N., Dickey, J., et al. (2021) The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS): The Brightest Polarized Region in the Southern Sky at 75cm and Its Implications for Radio Loop II. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507, 3495-3518.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1805
[67]  Gomez, G.C. and Cox, D.P. (2002) 3D MHD Modeling of the Gaseous Structure of the Galaxy: Setup and Initial Results. The Astrophysical Journal, 580, 235-252.
https://doi.org/10.1086/343129
[68]  Kong, S. (2022) Dense Gas Formation via Collision-Induced Magnetic Reconnection in a Disk Galaxy with a Bisdymmetric Spiral Magnetic Field. The Astrophysical Journal, 933, Article No. 40.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac70cd
[69]  Rohde, R., Rudiger, G. and Elstner, D. (1999) Swing Excitation of Magnetic Fields in Trailing Spiral Galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 347, 860-865.
[70]  Chamandy, L., Subramanian, K. and Shukurov, A. (2013) Galactic Spiral Patterns and Dynamo Action-II. Asymptotic Solutions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433, 3274-3289.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt967
[71]  Indrani, C. and Deshpande, A. (1999) The Large Scale Structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field. New Astronomy, 4, 33-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1384-1076(98)00038-4
[72]  Vallée, J.P. (2005) Pulsar-Based Galactic Magnetic Map: A Large-Scale Clockwise Magnertic Field with an Anti-Clockwise Annulus. The Astrophysical Journal, 619, 297-305.
https://doi.org/10.1086/426182
[73]  Noutsos, A., Johnston, S., Kramer, M. and Karastergiou, A. (2008) New Pulsar Rotation Measures and the Galactic Magnetic Field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 386, 1881-1896.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13188.x
[74]  West, J., Landecker, T., Gaensler, B., et al. (2021) A Unified Model for the Fan Region and the North Polar Spur: A Bundle of Filaments in the Local Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal, 923, Article No. 58.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ba2
[75]  Vallée, J.P., MacLeod, J. and Broten, N. (1988) Search for an Excess Rotation Measure in the Shell around the Eridanus Cavity. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 196, 255-260.
[76]  Vallée, J.P., Broten, N. and MacLeod, J. (1984) Magnetic Field Structure Associated with the Large ‘Monogem’ X-Ray Ring. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 134, 199-203.
[77]  Vallée, J.P. and Bignell, R.C. (1983) Magnetic Field Structure in the GUM Nebula Area. The Astrophysical Journal, 272, 131-136.
https://doi.org/10.1086/161269
[78]  Panopoulou, G., Dickinson, C., Readhead, A., et al. (2021) Revisiting the Distance to Radio Loops I and IV Using Gaia and Radio/Optical Polarization Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 922, Article No. 210.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac273f

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413