Cement
industrial emissions account for 32% of air pollution in Cambodia. With that in
mind, we examined the environmental impact of Cambodia’s cement industry and
identified ways that it could reduce air pollution. The study focused on raw
material extraction and preparation, calcination, and cement preparation. Data
for the life-cycle inventory were provided by the Kampot Cement Plant. Air
emissions were assessed using EMEP/EEA and IPCC criteria, and the impact
assessment used ReCiPe (2016). The baseline analysis revealed that calcination
contributed the most air pollutants, so mitigation scenarios focused on
alternative fuels only during the calcination stage of cement production: 1) 100% coal (S1); 2) 93% coal and 7% biomass
(S2); 3) 85%
coal and 15% biomass (S3); 4) 70%
coal and 30% biomass (S4); and 5) 50%
coal and 50% biomass (S5). The results demonstrated that certain mitigation measures
reduced major emissions and environmental damage. S5 had the best results, reducing CO2 by 49.97, NOx by 2.233,
and SO2 by 49.333%; however, it increased PM2.5 by
19.60% and total heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn) output by
28.113%. The results of the study showed reductions in serious health and
environmental effects associated with climate change of 48.83%, ozone
generation of 9.62%, and particulate matter formation of 28.80%. However,
carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human toxicity increased by 35.66%.
Therefore, such mitigation effect would be benefit to carbon reduction target
in Cambodia.
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