The space-time expansion has a new perspective on the universe phenomena. In this article, the key features of the Space-Time Expansion Theory are summarized and discussed, with three postulates incorporating different insights into the behavior of space-time expansion, gravity, space-time curvature, and time itself. Gravity is not an attraction; it is a push. Inertia, free fall, the principles of the theory of relativity and some other phenomena support the author’s assertions. The expansion of space-time is universal, occurs everywhere, and produces gravity instead of counteracting it. Being immersed in the same space-time acceleration, we only perceive the disturbance caused by the matter, which is the massive objects push. This study aims to offer scientists an alternative investigation. “Gravitation is not attraction; it’s a push.” All in accordance with hydrodynamic gravitation and expanding Universe.
References
[1]
Adler, C. G., & Coulter, B. L. (1978). Galileo and the Tower of Pisa Experiment. American Journal of Physics, 46, 199-201. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.11165 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AmJPh..46..199A/abstract
[2]
Alaeva, L. (2022). The Earth Passes Aphelion. https://universemagazine.com/en/is-it-worth-celebrating-aphelion/
[3]
Brush, S. G., & Holton, G. (2010). Physics, the Human Adventure: From Copernicus to Einstein and Beyond (3th ed.). Rutgers University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Physics-Human-Adventure-Copernicus-Einstein/dp/0813529085
[4]
Christianson, G. E. (1995). Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. University of Chicago Press.
[5]
Davis, T., Scott, S., & Rickles, D. (2022). Understanding Gravity—Warps and Ripples in Space and Time. Australian Academy of Science. https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-time/gravity
[6]
Dumé, I. (2022). Equivalence Principle Passes Atomic Test. Physics World Magazine. https://physicsworld.com/a/equivalence-principle-passes-atomic-test
[7]
Einstein, A. (2001). Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Translated by Robert W. Lawson, M.Sc. University of Sheffield. https://www.f.waseda.jp/sidoli/Einstein_Relativity.pdf
[8]
García-Bellido, J. (2011). La expansión acelerada del universo y el Premio Nobel de Física 2011. Investigación y Ciencia. https://www.investigacionyciencia.es/blogs/astronomia/17/posts/la-expansin-acelerada-del-universo-y-el-premio-nobel-de-fsica-2011-10387
[9]
Greensite, J. (2011). An Introduction to the Confinement Problem. In R. Citro, P. Hänggi et al. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Physics (Vol. 821). Springer. https://www.wikizero.org/wiki/en/Color_confinement https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14382-3
[10]
James Webb Space Telescope (Webb or JWST). https://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html
[11]
Li, S., & Rindler-Daller, T. (2017). Scalar-Field Dark Matter versus Standard CDM: Looking for Deviance. ArXiv: 1611.07961. https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy
[12]
Mead, C. A. (1964). Possible Connection between Gravitation and Fundamental Length. Physical Review, 135, B849-B862. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4038978 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.135.B849
[13]
Misner, C. W., Wheeler, J. A., & Thorne, K. (1973). Gravitation. Princeton University Press.
[14]
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (2022). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope
[15]
NASA Press Release (1999). Ground-Based Image of Supernova 1994D in Galaxy NGC 4526. https://esahubble.org/images/opo9919h/
[16]
Nave, R. (2022). Inverse Square Law. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Forces/isq.html
[17]
Peebles, P. J. E., & Ratra, B. (2003). The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy. Reviews of Modern Physics, 5, 59-606. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559
[18]
Rowe, E. G. P. (2013). Geometrical Physics in Minkowski Spacetime. Springer Science & Business Media. https://www.amazon.com/Geometrical-Minkowski-Spacetime-Monographs-Mathematics/dp/1852333669
[19]
Santos-Pereira, O. L., Abreu, E. M. C., & Ribeiro, M. B. (2021). Fluid Dynamics in the Warp Drive Spacetime Geometry. The European Physical Journal C, 81, Article No. 133. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348832549 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-08921-3
[20]
Sarikas, A. (2022). Is Earth an Inertial Reference Frame? Physics Stack Exchange. https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/444609
[21]
Singh, S. K. (2010). Kinematics Fundamentals. OpenStax CNX. http://cnx.org/contents/5183e995-a1fb-47a0-b9ce-99fd487393d8@29.32
[22]
Slater, J. C. (1964). Atomic Radii in Cristales. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 41, 3199-3204. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725697
[23]
Stephani, H., Kramer, D., MacCallum, M. A. H., Hoenselaers, C. A., & Herlt, E. (2003). Exact Solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535185
[24]
Steven, W. (1989). The Cosmological Constant Problem. Reviews of Modern Physics, 61, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1
[25]
Strassler, M. (2013). Quantum Fluctuations and Their Energy. https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/quantum-fluctuations-and-their-energy/
[26]
Wang, D. (2021). Exploring New Physics beyond the Standard Cosmology with Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Data. Physics of the Dark Universe, 32, Article ID: 100810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2021.100810 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212686421000418
[27]
Wilczek, F. (2001). Scaling Mount Planck I. A View from the Bottom. Physics Today, 54, 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1387576
