Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Treatment in Sickle Cell Patients Monitored at the National Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease in Niger

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a real public health problem in the world and particularly in Niger where the prevalence of the S gene is estimated at 25% and that of the homozygous forms at between 1% and 2%. Treatment combines quarterly follow-up of patients and management of complications. The objective of this study was to identify the potential explanatory factors of non-adherence to treatment in sickle cell patients followed at the national reference center for sickle cell disease in Niger. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of sickle cell cases followed at the CNRD in Niger. The population consisted of all sickle cell patients followed in this center in 2021. The data collection techniques were individual interviews and documentary reviews. Non-adherence was assessed with the Girerd test. Descriptive statistical tests and simple and multiple logistic regression models were performed. Results: A total of 368 patients were enrolled. The median age is 7 years (4; 10) and the sex ratio is 1.04. Ninety-eight (98) or 26.6% were compliant and 270 (73.4%) were non-compliant. In multivariate analysis, the factors independently and negatively associated with non-adherence to treatment were schooling (adjusted OR [95% CI], p-value), 0.17 [0.10 - 0.30]; p < 0.0001); discontinuation of treatment [OR = 0.15 [0.05 - 0.43], p < 0.0004; the distance from the Center 0.58 [0.33 - 0.99)], p ≤ 0.0489. Unawareness of the disease was positively and significantly associated with non-adherence 7.68 [2.20 - 26.72], p ≤ 0.0014. Conclusion: The factors influencing treatment compliance identified in this study are all modifiable. To prevent the complications of sickle cell disease, we must fight against ignorance, make care services accessible and make care free.